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T.  S.  BRANDEGEE 

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A  CATALOGUE 


FLOWERING  PLANTS 


VASCULAR  CRYPTOGAMS, 


FOUND  IN  AND  NEAR 


LACKAWANNA    AND    WYOMING    VALLEYS, 


WILLIAM     R.     DUDLEY, 

// 
OF  LELAND  STANFORD,  JR.,  UNIVERSITY, 


CHARLES    O.     THURSTON, 
OF  WYOMING  SEMINARY. 


1892. 


WILKES-BARRH,  PA.  ; 
E.  B.  YORDY,  BOOK  AND  JOB  PRINTER, 

1892. 


IS- 


BJOLO 

LIBRA:. 
o 


^7 


PREFACE. 


In  June,  1887,  the  Lackawanna  Institute  of  Scranton  published  a 
"preliminary  list"  of  the  plants  in  the  Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  Val- 
leys. The  author,  Prof.  W.  R.  Dudley,  then  of  Cornell  University, 
brought  together  the  results  of  his  own  collecting,  and  that  of  several  local 
collectors,  also  Prof.  Thomas  C.  Porter's  discoveries  on  the  adjacent  moun- 
tains. This  list,  together  with  the  interest  aroused  by  the  Institute 
during  its  summer  school  in  1889,  under  Prof.  Dudley,  made  the  present, 
far  from  complete,  flora  possible. 

The  territory  included  is  the  same  as  that  of  the  preceding  list,  namely, 
the  Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  Valleys  and  the  mountain  ranges  enclos- 
ing them.  Localities  are  occasionally  mentioned  near  to  but  outside  these 
limits  to  stimulate  our  botanists,  who  may  have  access  to  them,  to  a  more 
diligent  search. 

The  catalogue  has  been  prepared  from  the  carefully  kept  notes  of 
Prof.  Dudley,  made  from  his  personal  observations  in  1889,  1890,  and 
the  autumn  of  1891,  combined  with  the  results  embodied  in  the  printed 
list  of  1887  ;  from  notes  kindly  sent  him  by  Prof.  T.  C.  Porter,  of  Lafay- 
ette College,  the  best  authority  on  the  plants  of  Pennsylvania ;  and  from 
reports  made  to  him  by  the  different  botanists  in  the  valleys.  Credit 
has  been  given  each  in  the  text,  the  single  word  "Davis"  referring  to 
Mr.  R..N.  Davis,  of  Archbald;  "Graves,"  to  Mr.  W.  R.  Graves,  of 
Scranton;  "Miss  Carlson"  to  Miss  Eleanor  Carlson,  of  West  Pittston. 

Plants  quoted  as  "common,"  "abundant,"  or  "frequent,"  are  so  quoted 
on  the  authority  of  these  botanists,  each  in  his  own  locality,  aided  by 
the  general  observations  of  Prof.  Dudley. 

The  classification  and  nomenclature  corresponds,  in  the  main,  to  that 
of  the  sixth  edition  of  Gray's  Manual,  to  which  students  are  directed 
for  a  full  description  of  all  plants  growing  without  cultivation. 

The  few  cultivated  plants,  noticed  for  the  benefit  of  my  classes,  will 
be  found  described  in  Gray's  Field,  Forest  and  Garden  Botany. 

Although  crowded  with  the  work  of  his  department  at  Cornell  Uni- 
versity, Prof.  Dudley  has  taken  the  time  to  rewrite  the  families  Cistacca, 
Ericaceae,  Cupuliferce,  Salicacea,  Juncacea,  Cyperacea  and  Graminea:. 


755382 


PREFACE. 


He  has  also  read  my  manuscript  upon  the  other  families  and  given  me 
much  valuable  assistance  and  advice. 

The  present  flora  is  but  a  "report  of  progress"  preliminary  to  a  COM- 
PLETE FLORA,  which  will  be  published  as  soon  as  the  territory  is  carefully 
worked  up  so  that  such  a  flora  is  possible.  To  make  this  work  easier 
the  present  edition  has  been  made  a  pocket  flora,  suitable  for  field  work. 
Alternate  leaves  have  been  left  blank  for  notes  and  the  species  have 
been  numbered.  The  plants  believed  to  be  native  are  printed  in  bold- 
faced type,  while  introduced  plants  are  printed  in  small  capitals. 

The  discovery  of  a  new  plant  or  of  a  new  locality  for  a  plant  not 
marked  "common,"  "abundant"  or  "frequent,"  should  be  carefully  noted 
on  the  blank  leaf  opposite  the  genus  to  which  it  belongs,  with  date, 
locality,  its  abundance,  and  any  other  valuable  or  interesting  facts. 

Specimens  should  be  pressed,  and  preserved  either  in  your  own  or  your 
school  herbarium,  and  a  duplicate  sent  either  to  the  Lackawanna  Insti- 
tute at  Scranton,  to  Wyoming  Seminary  at  Kingston,  or  to  the  West 
Pittston  High  School.  Credit  for  all  such  discoveries  will  be  given 
in  the  complete  flora  when  published. 

Much  remains  to  be  done,  especially  among  the  aquatic  plants  of  our 
ponds,  marshes  and  streams.  Our  summary  shows  that  less  than  a 
thousand  species  of  plants  are  known  to  grow  without  cultivation  in  our 
territory ;  the  total  should  be  at  least  two  hundred  larger. 

Many  plants  believed  to  be  common,  as  Thalictrum  polygamum,  are 
reported  from  Wyoming  Valley  alone,  others  are  reported  from  Lacka- 
wanna Valley  only. 

Such  plants  can  be  easily  worked  up  by  beginners,  while  the  more 
advanced  students  should  form  botany  clubs,  and  the  work  should  be 
given  out  by  families;  in  this  way  more  rapid  advancement  can  be 
made  both  in  our  knowledge  of  the  flora  and  in  the  botanical  knowledge 
of  the  student. 

Among  the  many  places,  mentioned  by  the  teachers  and  botanists 
of  the  valleys,  as  especially  worthy  of  a  visit,  are  the  Archbald  "pot- 
holes"  and  White  Oak  Creek,  both  near  Archbald;  Elk  Mt.,  north  west 
of  Carbondale;  Bald  Mt.,  easily  reached  from  Scranton;  Campbell's 
Ledge,  and  Falling  Spring,  near  West  Pittston;  the  Ice  Cave  Gorge 
above  Luzerne;  Tilbury  Knob,  opposite  Nanticoke;  Penobscot  Knob, 
its  summit  and  southern  ledges ;  the  lake  east  of  Glen  Summit ;  Lehigh 
Pond ;  Lake  Henry ;  Sink-hole  Marsh,  Ararat ;  and  the  pond  opposite 
Duryea.  It  might  be  added  that  a  visit  to  any  pond,  marsh  or  mountain 


PREFACE. 


will  always  repay  the  botanist,  while  the  Pocono  Plateau  is  especially 
interesting  on  account  of  the  many  northern  plants  found  there. 

Hearty  thanks  are  due  the  different  botanists  who  have  helped  by 
their  contributions  to  make  this  catalogue  as  complete  as  possible,  and 
whose  names  occur  so  frequently  in  the  following  pages.  I  am  also 
indebted  to  the  liberal  management  of  Wyoming  Seminary,  whose  finan- 
cial aid  made  the  publication  of  this  flora  possible.  Personally  I  am 
especially  indebted  to  Prof.  W.  R.  Dudley,  of  Leland  Stanford,  Jr.,  Uni- 
versity, whose  advice  and  assistance  have  been  such  that  all  merit  that  the 
flora  may  have  rightfully  belongs  to  him. 

C.  O.  THURSTON, 

Wyoming  Seminary. 


INTRODUCTION. 


Geographically  the  Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  are  distinct  valleys, 
the  latter  about  25  miles  in  length,  occupied  by  a  short  stretch  of  the 
great  river  of  Pennsylvania — the  Susquehanna;  the  former  by  an  east- 
ern tributary  of  the  Susquehanna,  the  Lackawanna  river.  Topographi- 
cally, however,  they  form  a  single,  narrow,  synclinal  valley,  enclosed 
by  the  Lackawanna  mountain  on  the  northwest,  and  the  Moosic  and 
Wyoming  mountains  on  the  southeast,  the  two  elevations  coalescing  at 
each  end  and  continuing  as  a  single  range.  These  two  ranges  curve 
like  a  bow,  giving  the  valley  between— 55  miles  long,  and  in  its  widest 
part  6  miles  broad — the  form  of  a  crescent.  This  depression  is  also  geo- 
logically of  the  same  formation,  and  is  known  as  the  Northern  Anthra- 
cite Coal  Basin  of  Pennsylvania. 

The  Susquehanna  breaks  through  the  walls  of  Lackawanna  mountain 
into  the  middle  region  of  this  basin,  leaving  on  the  south  side  of  this 
gateway  the  bold  cliffs  and  rocky  terraces  of  Campbell's  Ledge,  750 
feet  above  the  river.  Immediately  on  entering  the  valley  it  is  joined  by 
the  Lackawanna,  whose  source  is  fifty  miles  from  its  mouth,  far  north- 
ward of  the  coal-basin,  one  branch  in  the  cold  marshes  of  Ararat,  Sus- 
quehanna Co.,  one  amoung  the  ponds  of  Preston,  Wayne  Co. 

This  region,  the  eastern  half  of  Susquehanna  and  the  western  half  of 
Wayne  Co.,  2000  feet  above  the  sea,  is  a  broad  rolling  tract  of  arable 
but  cold  land,  out  of  which  rise  the  high  isolated  mountains  of  Ararat 
Peak  (which,  with  Sugarloaf  mountain,  terminate  the  northward  exten- 
sion of  the  Moosic  range)  and  the  beautiful  double  knob  of  Elk  moun- 
tain, 2600  and  2700  hundred  feet  respectively.  The  Lackawanna  enters 
the  Anthracite  valley  by  a  gap  near  its  extreme  northern  end,  above 
Forest  City,  and  traverses  it  to  the  Susquehanna  at  Pittston.  The  latter 
river,  winding  through  the  celebrated  "Wyoming  Valley,''  passes  almost 
out  of  the  coal-basin,  westwardly  at  Nanticoke,  traverses  a  cleft  in  the 
mountain  barrier  for  some  miles,  turns  directly  south,  cutting  quite  across 
its  southern  end,  and  passes  out  below  Mocanaqua. 

This  synclinal  valley  rises  from  550  feet  above  tide  at  Kingston,  573  feet 
at  Pittston,  740  feet  at  Scranton,  965  feet  at  Archbald,  1079  feet  at  Car- 
bondale,  to  1302  feet  above  tide  at  Campbell's  Ledge,  2220  feet  on  Penob- 
scot  Knob,  and  2385  feet  on  Bald  mountain  (west  of  Scranton).  Its  bed 


INTRODUCTION. 


is  made  up  of  coal  measures,  overlaid  in  its  upper  part  by  the  confused) 
nowhere  fertile,  drift  heaps  of  the  great  ice-sheet ;  in  the  lower  by  the 
soil  of  a  river-plain.  Its  mountain  barriers  are  composed  largely  of 
bold  outwardly  facing  parapets  or  ridges  of  Pocono  sandstone — the 
mountain- maker  of  the  region — separated  from  the  coal  measures  by 
narrow  bands  of  Mauch  Chunk  red  shales  and  Pottsville  conglomerates ; 
eastward,  however,  the  Pocono  sandstone  of  Moosic  mountain  extends 
from  12  to  20  miles,  forming  a  broad,  elevated  tract,  known  as  the  Po- 
cono Mountain  Plateau,  although  here  and  there  on  its  borders  streams 
cut  down  through  it  to  the  Catskill  Sandstone  beneath.  In  general  it 
is  a  wilderness  of  cool,  tangled  swamps,  ponds,  thickets,  woods,  of  dry 
barrens  and  rocks,  rough  in  the  extreme,  with  an  elevation  of  from  1500 
to  2000  or  2100  feet,  and  terminating  eastwardly  in  an  irregular  escarp- 
ment of  high  cliffs,  such  as  are  seen  near  Pocono  Knob,  in  Monroe  Co., 
or  the  lower  parapets  which  trace  its  northward  trend.  The  glacial  ice- 
sheet  was  spread  over  this  plateau,  no  doubt,  although  the  great  terminal 
moraine  of  the  continent  passes  across  its  lower  portion.  Erosion  has 
left  several  curious  outlying  peaks,  capped  with  the  hard  Pocono  sand- 
stone, and  standing  as  islands,  surrounded  by  a  sea  of  underlying  Cats- 
kill,  worn  down  to  a  much  lower  level,  such  as  Pocono  Knob,  in 
Monroe  Co.,  the  high  knobs  (north  and  south)  in  Pike  Co.,  the  four 
knobs  of  the  Moosic  mountain  extension,  including  Ararat  Peak  and 
Sugarloaf,  in  Wayne  Co.,  and  the  still  more  distant  and  elevated  double 
peak  of  Elk  mountain,  in  Susquehanna  Co.,  the  latter  the  highest  moun- 
tain in  Pennsylvania  beyond  the  extreme  southwestern  section  of  the 
State.  This  Anthracite  Valley  lies  wholly  within  two  counties,  Lacka- 
wanna  and  Luzerne ;  the  Pocono  plateau  occupies  a  limited  portion  of 
five,  viz :  Lackawanna,  Monroe,  Carbon,  Luzerne  and  Pike  counties, 
named  in  order  of  the  largest  sandstone  area- 
It  is  the  Flora  of  this  crescent-shaped  coal-valley,  its  mountain  bar- 
riers, the  broad,  rough  plateau  into  which  the  eastern  barrier  blends,  and 
the  isolated  peaks  belonging  to  this  geological  formation,  which  we  have 
denominated  the  Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  Flora. 

While  we  believe  it  will  be  of  value  as  a  local  catalogue,  there  was 
an  ulterior  object  in  the  study,  which  can  only  be  completely  attained 
with  the  exhaustive  examination  of  the  region.  Recalling  the  facts  pre- 
viously stated,  it  will  be  seen  that  this  area  has  a  singularly  distinct 
character  of  its  own,  geologically.  It  lies  in  the  heart  of  the  northern 
Alleghcnies.  It  has  a  great  variety  of  soil.  It  has  considerable  variety 
of  elevation  ;  the  effect  of  a  much  greater  elevation  being  brought  about 


INTRODUCTION. 


through  the  great  extent  of  the  plateau.  Therefore,  from  its  peculiar 
position  and  character,  thorough  investigation  of  its  native  plants  ought 
to  throw  some  light  on  questions  of  the  geographical  distribution  of 
plants  in  post-glacial  times,  and  the  derivation  of  local  floras  in  the  East- 
ern United  States.  Final,  or  indeed  valuable  conclusions  on  these  ques- 
tions, we  are  not  at  present  prepared  to  give,  but  shall  present  those  we 
think  our  investigations  thus  far  will  warrant. 

To  ascertain  the  affinity  of  an  insular  flora,  or  that  of  a  continental 
basin,  is  an  easier  task  than  to  set  forth  the  exact  truth  concerning  the 
genealogy  of  a  small  flora,  one  belonging  to  a  series  of  contiguous  hydro- 
graphic  basins.  Our  method  of  examining  thoroughly  the  distribution  of 
plants  over  a  small  hydrographic  area,  and  connecting  this  with  a  similar 
work  in  a  neighboring  area,  also  limited  by  natural,  not  artificial,  bound- 
aries, we  believe  to  be  thoroughly  scientific.  Moreover,  we  believe  that 
induction  based  on  collated  evidence  of  this  character  will  furnish  the 
only  conclusions  in  the  future  on  the  evolution  of  the  floras  of  continental 
basins  as  we  now  find  them,  which  will  be  acceptable  to  the  scientific 
mind.  The  main  facts  of  geographical  distribution  are  within  our  reach, 
but  the  evolution  of  the  present  distribution,  excepting  in  the  case  of 
islands  or  isolated  mountains,  is  a  question  almost  wholly  unexplored. 

The  affinities  of  a  small  flora  are  to  some  extent  shown  by  the 
commonest  wild  plants  and  by  the  rarest.  The  former  are  present  in 
related  floras  because  inter-distributing  has  been  easy  and  the  conditions 
of  soil  and  climate  particularly  favorable.  Rare  plants  may  occur  for  a 
variety  of  reasons ;  but  if  it  is  because  the  region  where  we  find  them 
has  so  changed  in  the  conditions  favorable  to  their  existence  that  they 
are  being  gradually  exterminated,  then  indeed  we  have  in  them  a  pre- 
cious title-deed,  without  which  we  should  not  be  in  possession  of  a  series 
of  facts  or  suggestions,  most  valuable  from  the  point  of  view  of  science. 
Again,  if  conditions  exist  in  our  region,  allowing  the  rare  occurence  of 
plants  which  are  common  much  farther  north  or  south,  while  such  spe- 
cies do  not  appear  in  contiguous  regions,  the  exact  nature  of  those  con- 
ditions becomes  interesting  to  us,  and  usually  not  difficult  to  ascertain. 

There  is  another  method  of  determining  the  relationship  of  a  small 
flora,  however,  which  seems  to  us  of  more  value  than  any  other,  although 
its  successful  and  judicious  application  requires  experience.  If  we  find 
that  a  small  number  of  species,  of  coast  plants  for  example,  extend  to 
this  region  but  no  further  west,  while  a  greater  number  of  southern  spe- 
cies find  their  northern  limit  here,  we  conclude  the  flora  has  greater 
affinities  with  the  South  than  with  the  Atlantic  slope.  If  we  find  this 


INTRODUCTION. 


flora  is  the  southern  limit  for  many  northern  species,  while  it  is  the 
northern  limit  for  fewer  southern  species,  then  some  great  northern 
basin  or  plateau  has  contributed,  presumably,  more  to  its  population 
than  the  southern  mountain  or  plain.  Such  a  conclusion  must  be 
checked  by  reference  to  the  affinities  of  the  characteristic  types  present ; 
nevertheless,  concerning  the  origin  of  a  flora,  we  consider  the  test  of 
limit-species  a  reasonable  one,  and  indeed,  from  experience,  the  most 
critical  single  test  we  can  apply. 

GENERAL  RELATIONSHIPS. 

CHARACTERISTIC  TYPES. — We  will  now  endeavor  to  make  an  appli- 
cation of  these  canons  to  our  Lackawanna,  Wyoming  and  Pocono  Flora. 
The  plants  common  in  this  region,  but  common  also  throughout  the 
Appalachian  region,  such  as  the  Rhododendron,  the  Chestnut-Oak,  the 
Birches,  the  Witch  Hazel,  the  sweet-scented  fern,  Dicksonia,  we  pass  by  as 
plants  which  can  tell  us  nothing  we  do  not  know  in  respect  to  the  affin- 
ities of  a  small  flora.  There  are,  however,  certain  species  characteristic 
of  the  hillsides  lining  this  valley,  frequently  appearing  in  large  numbers, 
but  which  are  not  of  universal  occurrence  in  the  Appalachian  region. 
Such  are  the  Wild  Indigo,  the  Sheep  Laurel,  the  Sweet-Fern  (Myrica 
asplenifolia})\hz  Sumach  (Rhus  copallina] ;  and  in  certain  places  the 
Purple  Hardhack  (Spinca  tomentosa]  and  Andromeda  liguslrina  are 
equally  abundant.  All  of  these  are  wanting  or  comparatively  rare  im- 
mediately outside  the  valley  to  the  north  or  west. 

The  above  plants  and  others  we  might  name  are  characteristic  of, 
though  not  confined  to,  the  drier  region  of  the  Atlantic  slope,  and  their 
presence  here  is  due,  no  doubt,  largely  to  the  character  of  the  soil. 

RARE  PLANTS. — Of  the  rare  plants  of  the  Flora  exclusive  of  the  Po- 
cono, we  might  mention  Linum  sulcatum,  Silene  Pennsylvania,  Phy- 
sostegia,  Pedicularis  lanceolata,  Cunila,  Polentilla  arguta,  A  Ilium  cer- 
nuum,  Utricularia  intermedia,  U.  cormita,  and  others,  reported  to  be 
scarce  in  Pennsylvania,  while  the  pretty  Potentilla  tridentafa,  occurring 
on  the  summits  of  Penobscot  Knob  and  Bald  mountain,  is  known  no- 
where else  in  the  State.  In  passing  to  the  Pocono  this  list  would  be 
greatly  increased.  Of  these  the  only  one  we  wish  to  speak  of  in  this 
connection  is  the  Little  Mistletoe  {Arceutkobium  pusillum)  parasitic 
on  the  limbs  of  the  Black  Spruce,  discovered  by  the  writer  in  1886,  and 
noted  in  his  "Preliminary  List"  of  this  region.  It  is  known  in  a  few 
places  in  New  York  and  New  Hampshire,  and  nowhere  south  of  our 
stations,  which  are  the  only  ones  yet  discovered  in  Pennsylvania. 


INTRODUCTION. 


ALLEGHENIAN  SPECIES. — The  Allegheny  mountains,  from  their  pe- 
culiar position,  their  densely  wooded  character,  the  amount  of  moisture 
condensing  on  them,  are  the  home,  especially  in  their  southern  section, 
of  a  large  number  of  species  peculiar  to  their  slopes  or  summits.  Our 
Flora  also  has  its  list  of  those  which  may  be  called  Alleghenian,  small 
in  proportion  to  the  less  distinctive  character  and  lower  elevation  of  the 
Pennsylvanian  ranges.  We  include  the  following  in  this  list : 
Dicentra  Exitnia,  Aster  concinmis. 

Ilex  mollis,  Calamagrostis  Porteri. 

The  following  are  also  characteristically  Alleghenian,  although  occa- 
sionally found  in  the  mountains  of  New  York  and  New  England,  or  in 
districts  allied  to  the  Allegheny  system  : 

Ilex  monticola,)  Carex  lurida%  var.  gracilisy 

Rhododendron  maximum,  Carex  ccstivalis, 

Aspleniuni  montanum. 

The  only  one  of  the  nine  plants  mentioned  which  descends  into  the 
valley  proper  is  the  Rhododendron,  which  is  less  distinctively  Alleghe- 
nian than  the  others.  On  the  other  hand,  the  earlier  list  of  common  plants 
mentioned,  which  give  character  to  this  region,  and  distinguish  it  from 
the  districts  adjoining  north  and  west,  are  mostly  plants  of  the  valley 
or  of  the  lower  slopes  of  the  mountains. 

SPECIAL  AFFINITIES  WITH  LARGER  FLORAS. 

Turning  now  to  a  consideration  of  those  species  which  have  their  cen- 
ters of  development  in  regions  more  or  less  remote  from  our  valley  and 
plateau,  and  which  extend  to  this  region,  but  no  farther,  we  find  facts 
of  considerable  interest. 

THE  ATLANTIC  SLOPE. — There  are  a  certain  number  of  Atlantic  slope 
species  whose  western  limits  of  distribution  are  within  our  borders.  We 
have  noted  the  following  : 

Lechea  thymifolia,  *Orontinm  aquaticum, 

Solidago  puberuhi)  Calamagrostis  Nuttallii^ 

Aster  raduldj  Lycopodium  inundatum, 

var.  Bigelovii. 

*The  "Golden  Club,"  Orontium  aquaticum,  growing  in  several  of  our  ponds, 
deserves  a  passing  notice,  as  it  may  have  been  introduced  here  by  the  Indians. 
Kalm  ("Travels  in  Nor.  America,"  II.,  p.  110-115)  says  its  seeds  are  used  as  food 
by  the  Indians,  who  call  it  Taiv-kcc.  Brinton  ("Lenni  Lenape  and  their  Legends," 
p.  50)  says  "the  Delaware  Indians"  (the  former  occupants  of  the  Wyoming  Valley 
and  also  of  the  Atlantic  coast  regions),  "collected  for  food  the  seeds  of  the  Golden 
Club,  common  in  the  pools  along  the  Creeks."  In  their  migrations  back  and  forth 
they  may  have  transplanted  this  food  plant  to  the  inland  ponds. 


INTRODUCTION. 


SOUTHERN  SPECIES. — So  far  as  we  are  able  to  learn  the  following 
southern  and  southwestern  species  extend  no  farther  north  or  northwest 
(or  but  little  farther),  although  a  few  extend  along  the  coast  into  New 
York  or  New  England  : 

Arabis  dentata,  Betzda  nigra, 

Dicentra  eximia,  Pinus  inops, 

Silene  Pennsylvania,  Aletris  farinosa. 

Ilex  mollis,  Melanthium  latifolitim, 

Robinia  Pseudacacia,  Amianthium  musca:toxicum, 

Helianthus  parviflorus,  Scleria  paziciflora, 

Rhododendron  canescens,  Panicum  agrostoides, 

Cunila  Mariana,  Triodia  cuprea. 

The  above  divide  themselves  into  two  groups,  the  plants  belonging  to 
the  valley  and  the  plants  belonging  to  the  dry  ridges  of  the  mountains, 
corroborating  the  evidence  we  find  from  actual  observation,  of  their  ori- 
gin in  a  warmer  region.  We  trace  the  beautiful  River  Birch  up  the 
branches  of  the  Delaware,  up  the  Susquehanna  from  its  mouth  to  above 
the  Wyoming  Valley,  but  not  certainly  beyond  Tunkhannock,  and  up 
the  Lackawanna  to  Peckville.  Like  the  dusky  Pinus  inops,  its  presence 
suggests  the  peculiar  warmth  of  the  south.  Robinia  was  noticed  more 
than  a  century  ago  by  travellers  crossing  "Locust  Ridge"  on  the  Pocono. 
This,  with  Melanthium  and  Amianthium,  two  curious  Liliacerc,  are 
characteristic  of  the  mountain  group  of  the  southern  species. 

NORTHERN  SPECIES. — But  our  Flora  is -connected  with  the  north  by  a 
far  greater  number  of  peculiar  species  than  with  any  other  region.  Above 
fifty-five  northern  species  have  been  found  which  do  not  extend  south 
of  our  territory.  This  number,  moreover,  does  not  include  those  species 
recognized  as  northern,  but  which  extend  through  this  section,  along  the 
Alleghenies  to  North  Carolina  or  Georgia.  Twenty  of  the  fifty-five 
belong  to  the  Heaths  and  the  Sedges.  The  Rhodora,  the  Pale  Laurel, 
the  Labrador  Tea,  the  Small  Cranberry,  the  Cotton  Sedge,  all  particu- 
larly attractive  plants,  belong  to  these  two  orders.  Nearly  all  these 
northern  forms  are  confined  to  the  mountains,  and  in  the  case  of 
those  found  in  the  valley,  as  well  such  as  Portentilla  palustris,  I  sus- 
pect they  will  ultimately  be  discovered  much  further  south,  where  they 
have  retreated  wholly  to  the  mountains. 

WESTERN  SPECIES. — Turning  to  the  west,  I  have  been  able  to  find 
but  two  western  species  extending  eastward  only  to  our  limils,  a  garlic, 
Allium  ccrnuum,  and  a  grass,  Kccleria  cristata. 


xii  INTRODUCTION. 

CONCLUSIONS. 

Comparing  this  Flora  with  the  Cayuga  Flora,  and  enumerating  the 
species  whose  distribution  terminates  in  each,  we  have  tabulated  the 
following  facts : 


Northern. 

Southern 
and  S.W. 

Western 
and  S.W. 

Atlantic 
Slope. 

Cayuga  Flora 

16 

14 

16 

3 

Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  Flora 

55 

17 

2 

6 

These  figures  are  of  course  not  absolutely  correct,  and  cannot  be  until 
our  Flora  is  more  fully  studied  and  distribution  in  general  is  more  accu- 
rately known,  but  they  are  relatively  so. 

While  the  Cayuga  is  most  closely  related  to  the  territory  which  in- 
cludes the  Ohio  Valley  and  the  southern  shores  of  several  of  the  Great 
Lakes,  it  has  a  considerable  affinity  for  the  North  and  Northwest  and 
but  little  for  the  Coast.  The  Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  Flora,  includ- 
ing the  Pocono  Plateau,  shows  a  strong  relationship  with  the  North, 
next  with  the  South,  and  really  a  decided  affinity  (although  not  exhib- 
ited by  a  large  number  of  peculiar  species)  with  the  coast.  Indeed,  the 
similarity  in  aspect  between  the  vegetation  of  this  region  and  that  of  the 
Connecticut  coast  is  striking.  Excluding  the  Pocono,  its  relationship 
is  largely  with  the  South,  next  with  the  Atlantic  slope,  while  that  with 
the  North  is  scarcely  discoverable. 

The  cause  of  the  relation  of  the  Pocono  table -land  flora  with  the 
northern  lies  not  so  much  in  the  height  as  in  the  breadth  of  the  plateau, 
and  the  density  and  coolness  of  the  original  forests  clothing  it.  I  have 
perused  a  considerable  number  of  journals  of  army  officers,  travelers, 
naturalists  and  missionaries,  who  traversed  the  Pocono  more  than  a  cen- 
tury ago,  when  it  was  threaded  only  by  two  slender  trails  traced  by  Ihe 
children  of  the  forest.  It  was  then  known  as  the  ' 'Great  Swamp."  On 
it  were  vast  tracts  of  forest,  tangled,  wet,  dark  and  gloomy.  Col.  Dear- 
born, writing  in  1779,  says  after  passing  the  Pocono  Knob  he  entered 
what  is  called  the  Great  Swamp,  containing  trees  of  pine,  spruce,  hem- 
lock and  maple  of  amazing  size.  This  includes  a  dark,  dismal  portion, 
between  Locust  Hill  and  the  head  of  Laurel  Run,  known  as  the  "Shades 
of  Death."  Rev.  Wm.  Rogers  refers  also  to  the  great  height  of  the 
pines  (White  Pine),  ascending  150  feet  before  reaching  limbs.  The 
abundance  of  the  larger  "Lawrel"  is  also  commented  on.  There  is 
abundant  testimony  showing  that  this  was  a  heavily  forested  tract  orig- 
inally. Now,  great  areas  of  barrens  greet  the  eye,  where  alders,  dwarf 


INTRODUCTION. 


oaks,  red  cherry,  raspberry,  brake  and  bristly  sarsaparilla  have  take  the 
place  of  the  original  forests  on  lands  desolated  by  the  lumberman's  axe 
and  by  fire.  There  are  portions  of  the  pristine  "Evergreen  Woods" 
still  left,  or  but  just  disappearing.  The  dark,  dense  Spruce  woods  about 
Lehigh  Pond  is  an  instance.  Here  we  still  find  the  Lady  Slipper  and 
Orchis  undisturbed,  and  see  how  the  Rhododendron,  when  in  flower, 
lighted  up  the  gloom  of  the  forest  primeval  when  the  earliest  travelers 
crossed  the  Pocono.  This  is  indeed  a  natural  forest  region,  and  the 
removal  of  the  woods  only  demonstrates  more  clearly,  what  one  of  the 
earliest  observers  asserted,  viz :  the  utter  uselessness  of  a  large  portion 
for  either  pasture  or  cultivation. 

Every  consideration  of  economy,  public  good,  and  even  private  wealth, 
demand  that  these  regions  be  reforested.  If  woods  again  cover  this 
table-land  they  will  hold  back,  by  means  of  the  spongy  soil  they  accu- 
mulate, the  surplus  freshet  waters  from  the  hundred  torrents  and  moun- 
tain-brooks which  supply  pure  water  to  the  great  coal-valley  cities,  and 
which  ought  to  keep  up  through  the  long  drouths  the  volume  of  the  Le- 
high, Lackawanna,  and  the  brooks  flowing  into  the  Delaware.  Further- 
more, the  pine,  hemlock,  spruce  and  cherry  which  once  grew  here  to 
"amazing  size,"  may  be  again  grown  through  planting,  as  they  are  in 
the  mountains  of  Europe,  and  made  a  source  of  future  wealth. 

LOCAL  NAMES. 

In  Ileckwelder's  History  of  the  Indian  Nations,  Brinton's  Lenni 
Lenape,  the  works  of  Peter  Kalm,  David  Zeisberger,  George  Henry 
Loskill,  Clark,  Hale,  and  others,  the  meaning  given  of  a  number  of  the 
Delaware  names  applied  to  our  region  has  interested  me.  I  give  a  few 
notes  on  the  important  ones. 

Susquehanna  :  the  latter  part  of  river  names  among  the  Delawares, 
viz.,  hanna,  hanni  or  hannock,  means  a  "flowing  stream"  ;  and  Heck- 
welder  says  Susquehanna  means  a  "straight  stream,"  referring  to  its 
course  near  the  mouth. 

Lackawanna  {Lechau-hanneck),  "the  fork  of  the  river,"  referring  to 
the  junction  of  this  with  the  Susquehanna. 

Lehigh  (Lechau\  the  same  as  the  preceding,  meaning  here  the  fork 
or  branch  of  the  Delaware. 

Tobyhanna  (Topi-hanneck),  the  "alder  stream." 

Timkhannock)  the  "small  stream." 

Wyoming,  the  "great  plains." 

Moosic,  origin  not  known  to  me.    It  is  near  a  word  in  one  of  the  Del- 


xiv  INTRODUCTION. 

aware  dialects  meaning  "marsh"  or  "swamp."  The  English  name,  the 
"Great  Swamp,"  may  have  been  derived  from  the  Indian  name,  the 
localities  being  practically  identical. 

Pocono,  the  origin  unknown  to  me.  On  old  maps  Pocono  creek  is 
called  Pocono-hanni.  The  meaning  of  this,  viz.,  the  "stream  dividing" 
the  hills,  is  very  appropriate,  as  this  creek  occupies  a  broad  recession  on 
the  eastern  side  of  the  plateau.  Possibly  the  name  may  have  been  trans- 
ferred by  the  English  settlers  to  the  mountain. 

Nanticoke,  the  "tide  water  people,"  the  name  of  a  tribe  settling  in  the 
valley,  but  originally  from  Maryland. 

ELEVATIONS  ABOVE  TIDE. 

The  figures  following  are  those  (5f  railroad  surveys  and  the  Second 
Geological  Survey  of  Pennsylvania : 

D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  .  Abington io55/ 

Clark's  Summit 1239' 

Scranton 740' 

Dunnings I397/ 

Moscow 1555' 

Gouldsboro  Sta 1890' 

Tobyhanna 1929' 

Summit,  N.  of  Tobyhanna 1970' 

Delaware  River 298' 

N.  Y.,  L.  E.  &  W.  .  Ararat  Summit 2023' 

Uniondale 1693' 

Carbondale 1079' 

Archibald 96$' 

D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  .  Pittston .     573' 

Level  of  river,  Pittston 535' 

Kingston $$o' 

Lakes,  Susq.  Co.  .    .  Crystal  Lake 1705 

Dunn's  Pond     .    .    . about  2150 

Wayne  Co Eight  lakes  between    .....  1950'  and  2OOO/ 

Mountains Bald  Mt.,  W,  of  Scranton 2385' 

Campbell's  Ledge  ;  Dial  Knob)    .    ".    .    .    .1302' 

Ledge  opposite  Campbell's 1200' 

Penobscot  Knob 2220' 

Highest  of  River  Mountains 1380' 

General  level  of  higher  parts  of  the  Pocono, 

.  1800-2000' 


INTRODUCTION. 


Knob  of  Pocono  3  miles  W.  of  Tannersville,  2225' 

High  Knob,  in  Pike  Co 2010' 

Ararat  Peak,  Wayne  Co 2600' 

Sugar  Loaf,  Wayne  Co 2450' 

Elk  Mountain,  Susq.  Co.,  South  Knob    .    .  2575' 
«  «         North  Knob 2700' 

In  closing  I  cannot  refrain  from  expressing  my  cordial  appreciation  of 
the  work  of  Professor  Thurston,  who  has  written  so  much  of  this  Flora. 
To  him  will  no  doubt  be  largely  left  the  subsequent  accumulation  of 
facts  and  the  final  revision  of  this  publication.  Every  aid  possible  from 
the  botanists  of  Pennsylvania,  who  have  so  kindly  aided  me,  I  solicit 
in  his  behalf. 

WILLIAM  RUSSEL  DUDLEY, 

Ithaca,  N.  Y. 


SUMMARY. 

Native  species, 858 

Introduced  species, 115 

Varieties, 31 


Total, 


1004 


CORRECTIONS  AND  ADDITIONS. 


Page  10.     101^4.  Cerastium  nutans,  Raf. 

Near  Kingston ;  frequent. 

Page  ii.     119^.  LINUM  USITATISSIMUM,  L. 

By  R.  R.  at  Mt.  Pocono ;  also  at  Coxton. 

Page  n.     120*4.   Geranium  Carolinianum,  L. 

Frequent  in  Wyoming  Valley. 

Page  ii.  FLCERKIA,  WiLLD. 

I2i)4-  F.  proserpinacoides,  Willd. 
Kingston,  along  the  river. 

Page  1 6.  STYLOSANTHES,  SWARTZ. 

183  >£.  S.  elatior,  Swz.     Tobyhanna  Mills.     Prof.  Porter. 
Near  W.  Pittston.      Thurston. 

Page  19.  AGRIMONIA,  TOURN. 

219^.  A.  Eupatoria,  L.     Common. 
Page  37.     443.       Read  V.  macrocarpon. 

Page  54.     613^.  Euphorbia  corollata,  L. 

W.  Pittston  ;  near  Kingston. 

Page  58.     654.       Read  Q.  coccinea,  Wang.     Var.  tinctoria. 
Page  58.     656.       Read  C.  sativa,  Mill.     Var.  Americana. 
Page  77.  For  Andropocon  read  Andropogon. 

Page  79.  TRISETUM,  PERSOON. 

900^.  T.  palustre,  Torr.     Near  Pocono  Knob.     Dudley. 

Page  84.  LYGODIUM,  SWARTZ. 

9S9/4-  L-  palmatum,  Swz. 

Near  Long  Pond,  July  18,  1891.     Dudley. 


DICOTYLEDONS. 


i.    RANUNCULACE^E. 

CLEMATIS,  L. 

1.  C.  Virginiana,  L.     WHITE  C.     VIRGINS'  BOWER. 

Banks  of  streams,  etc.;  common. 

2.  C.  verticillaris,  DC.     PURPLE  C. 

Elk   Mt,   about  "Prospect   Rock;"    Bald  Mt,   near    Bluff;  rare. 
Dudley. 

ANEMONE,  TOURN. 

3.  A.  cylindrica,  GRAY.     Copse  N.  of  Luzerne  ;  rare.      Thurston. 

4.  A.  Virginiana,  L.     Frequent. 

Var.    alba,     (Man.,  p.    38.)     Abundant   about    Mocanaqua   and 
Campbell's  Ledge.     Dudley. 

5.  A.  Pennsylvanica,  L.     Kingston  Flats.     Mrs.  J.  H.  Race. 

6.  A.  nemorosa,  L.     WIND-FLOWER.     WOOD  ANEMONE. 

Common  about  Archbald.     Davis. 

Not  at  all  common  in  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

HEPATICA,  DILL. 

7.  H.  triloba,  CHAIX.     Near  Dunmore.     Graves. 

Common  in  Wyoming  Valley.     Thurston.    Near  Duryea.    Dudley. 

8.  H.  acutiloba,  DC.     Archbald.     Davis. 

Common  at  Tompkinsville.      Graves. 

I  have  never  seen  it  in  the  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

ANEMONELLA,  SPACH. 

9.  A.  thalictroides,  SPACH.     RUE  ANEMONE.     Common. 

THALICTRUM,  TOURN. 

10.  T.  diocum,  L.     EARLY  RUE. 

Frequent  in  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 


NNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 


II.^T.  pow£anva*n,  Tvluhl.     (7!  Cornuti,  L.,  5th  ed.  Man.)     TALL 
^\MKAI-<SV    Ri  K.     '-/>v<;ueiii    in   Wyoming  Valley,  in    wet  soil.     No 
stations  above  Pittston  have  been  reported  for  the  two  preceding. 

12.  T.  purpurascens,  L. 

Slocum's  Hill,  near  Pittston.     Miss   Carlson. 

Penobscot  Knob,  abundant ;  Bald  Mt ;  Campbell's  Ledge.    Dudley. 

RANUNCULUS,  TOURN. 

13.  R.  aquatilis,  L.,  var.  trichophyllus,  Gray. 

WHITE    WTATER  -  CROWFOOT.      In    streams   above   Gouldsboro. 
Dudley. 

14.  R.  ambigens,  Watson.     {R.  alismcefolius,  Man.,  5th  ed.)     Wyo- 
ming Swamp.      Thurston. 

15.  R.  abortivus,  L.   SMALL-FLOWERED  CROWFOOT.   Very  common. 

1 6.  R.   recurvatus,    Poir.     Woods   near    Dunmore;    Duryea;    Fair- 
view;  near  L.  Henry.     Dudley. 

17.  R.  septentrionalis,  Poir.    {R.  repens,  L.,  Man.,  5th  ed.,  in  part.) 
Plainsville.     Davis.     Near  Gouldsboro    Pond.     Dudley.     The    dry 
ground  form  is  our  earliest  buttercup,  and  is  common. 

18.  R.  Pennsylvanicus,  L.     Common  in  wet  soil. 

19.  R.  ACRIS,  L.     COMMON  BUTTERCUP.     Abundant. 

CALTHA,   L. 

MARSH-MARIGOLD.     "COWSLIPS." 

20.  C.  palustris,  L.    Archbald.    Davis.    Near  Scranton.    Mrs.  Buell. 
Near  Forty  Fort.     L.   G.   Clark.     Near  R.  R.  above  Gouldsboro; 
Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley.     Swamp  N.  of  Luzerne,     G.  B.  Stone. 

Var.  flabellifolia,  Pursh.    Pocono  Summit  Spring.    Dudley.    Na- 
omi Pines.     Prof.  Porter. 

COPTIS,  SALISB. 
GOLDTHREAD. 

21.  C.    trifolia,    Salisb.     Lily  Lake;  Archbald.     Davis.     Atherton's 
Pond ;  Pocono  Summit  Spring ;  head  of  Little  Roaring  Brook,  etc. 
Dudley.    Lehman.    Thurston.    Swamp  N.  of  Luzerne.    G.  B.  Stone. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  3 

AQUILEGIA,  TOURN. 
COLUMBINE  (often  incorrectly  called  HONEYSUCKLE). 

22.  A  Canadensis,  L.     Abundant  on  cliffs. 

23.  A,  VULGARIS,  L.    Cultivated  ;  rarely  escaped.    Naomi  Pines.    Prof. 
Porter. 

CIMICIFUGA,  L. 

BUGBANE. 

24.  C.   racemosa,  Nutt.      BLACK    COHOSH.     BLACK    SNAKEROOT. 
Mocanaqua;    Duryea ;    Penobscot    Knob;    abundant    at    Campbell's 
Ledge;  Mountain  Inn  Road.     Dudley. 

ACT/EA,   L. 

COHOSH. 

25.  A.    alba,  Bigel.     Jermyn.     Davis.      Near  L.  Henry;  Penobscot 
Knob.     Dudley.     Frequent  about  Kingston.      Thurston. 

[Delphinium  (LARKSPUR),  Aconitum  (ACONITE,  MONKSHOOD), 
and  Pseonia  (P;EONY)  are  members  of  this  family  and  frequently 
cultivated.] 

2.  MAGNOLIACE^:. 

MAGNOLIA   L. 

26.  M  acuminata,  L.     CUCUMBER  TREE.     One  shade  tree  College 
street,  Kingston;  several  small  trees  on  farm  of  J.  L.  Camp,  Herrick. 
Thurston. 

LIRIODENDRON,  L. 
TULIP-TREE. 

27.  L.  Tulipifera,  L.     WHITE. WOOD.     Abundant ;  mostly  small  trees. 


3.   ANONACE2E. 

ASIMINA,  ADANS. 
PAWPAW. 

28.  A.  TRILCBA,  Dunal.     One  shade  tree  on  grounds  of  T.  W.  Kyte, 
W.  Pittston. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 


4.  MENISPERMACEiE. 

MENISPERMUM,  L. 

MOONSEED. 

29.  M.  Canadense,  L.     River  bank,  near  Kingston. 

5.  BERBERIDACE^:. 

BERBERIS,  L. 
BARBERRY. 

30.  B.  VULGARIS,   L.     \V.   of  Archbald,  one  bush.     Davis.     One  in 
swamp  near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

CAULOPHYLLUM,  MICHX. 
BLUE  COHOSH. 

31.  C.  thalictroides,  Michx.     Near  L.  Henry.     Dudley.     Cliff  opp. 
Campbell's  Ledge.      Thurston. 

PODOPHYLLUM,  L. 
MANDRAKE.     MAY  APPLE. 

32.  P.  peltatum,  L.     Common. 

6.   NYMPH^EACE^. 

BRASENIA,  SCHREBER. 

WATER-SHIELD. 

33.  B.  peltata,  Pursh.     Pocono  station,  'Si.     Prof.  Porter. 

Pocono  station,  '89 ;  L.  Henry ;  Reservoir  Lake,  E.  of  Glen  Sum- 
mit.    Dudley. 

NYMPH/EA,  TOURN. 
WHITE  WATER- LILY. 

34.  N.  odorata,  Ait.      In  ponds  near  Crystal  Lake;     Lake  Henry. 
Dudley. 

NUPHAR,  SMITH. 
YELLOW  POND-LILY. 

35.  N.  advena,  Ait.     Common  in  swamps  and  pools. 

36.  N.  Kalmianum,  Ait.     (N.  luteiun,  var.  pumilum,  Man.,  5lh  ed.) 
Tobyhanna  Mills,  '81.     Prof.  Porter.     Lake  Henry.     Dudley. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 


7.  SARRACENIACE^:. 

SARRACENIA,  TOURN. 

37.  S.  purpurea,  L.      PITCHER-PLANT.      L.  Ariel.      Miss  Carlson. 
Tompkinsville ;    Newton  L.       Graves.      Alherton's    Pond ;    Moosic 
L. ;   Pocono  Summit ;  swamp  at  head  of  Little  Roaring  Brook ;  Le« 
high  Pond.     One  specimen  from  Lehigh  Pond,  collected  by  W.  Peck, 
shows  a  double  flower;  there  are  five  petals  and  some  twenty  peta- 
loid  bodies,  longer  than  petals  and  as  broad,  formed  from  the  stamens. 
In  herbarium  of  Lackawanna  Institute.     Dudley. 

8.   PAPAVERACE^E. 

SANGUINARIA,  DILL. 

38.  S.  Canadensis,  L.     BLOOD- ROOT.     Near  Scranton.     Mrs.  Buell. 
Carpenter's  Island.     Miss  Carlson.     Campbell's  Ledge ;  near  Kings- 
ton ;  back  of  toll-gate,  above  Luzerne.      Thurston. 

CHELIDONIUM,  L.    CELANDINE. 

39.  C.  MAjus,  L.     By  creek  near  Wyoming;  Kingston  streets.     71iurs- 
ton.     Near  Scranton.     Mrs.  Budl. 

9.  FUMARIACE^E. 

ADLUMIA,  RAF. 

40.  A.  cirrhosa,  Raf.     ALLEGHENY  VINE.     Scarce.     Lynn,  in  herba- 
rium. Davis.    Between  Jermyn  and  Tompkinsville.    Graves.    Above 
Mocanaqua;  S.  of  Dalton  Station.     Dudley. 

DICENTRA,  BORKH. 

41.  D.  Cucullaria,  DC.    DUTCHMAN'S  BREECHES.    Carpenter's  Island. 
Miss  Carlson.     Near  Hyde  Park.     Mrs.  Budl.     Common  at  Tomp- 
kinsville.    Graves.     Near  Kingston. 

42.  D.  Canadensis,   DC.     SQUIRREL   CORN.     Reported  in   '87   by 
Mrs.  Buell  of  Scranton,  and  Mr.  Davis  of  Archbald.     I  have  never 
seen  it  in  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

43.  D.  eximia,  DC.     Near  Nay  Aug  Falls.     Graves. 

44.  D.  SPECTABILIS,  BLEEDING  HEART.     Often  cultivated  ;  from  China. 


6  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

CORYDALIS,  VENT. 

45.  C.  glauca,  Pursh.    Occasional  among  rocks ;  reported  from  Kings- 
ton, Nay  Aug,  Mocanaqua,  Campbell's  Ledge,  etc. 

io.  CRUCIFER^E, 

DENTARIA,  TOURN. 
PEPPER-ROOT. 

46.  D.  diphylla,  L.     Peckville;  Archbald.     Davis. 

47.  D.  laciniata,  Muhl.     Near  Kingston.     C.  B.  Henry.     Carpenter's 
Island.     Miss  Carlson. 

CARDAMINE,  TOURN. 

48.  C.  rhomboidea,  DC.    Woods  near  Gouldsboro.     Dudley.     Com- 
mon about  Kingston.      Thurston. 

49.  C.  hirsuta,  L.     Lower  Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley.     Var.  syl- 
vatica,  Gaud.     On  river  mountains  above  Mocanaqua.    Dudley. 

ARABIS,  L. 
ROCK-CRESS. 

50.  A.  hirsuta,  Scop.     Sandstone  ledge  N.  of  Taylorville.     Dudley. 

51.  A.  laevigata,  Poir.     Kingston.      Thurston. 

52.  A.  Canadensis,  L.    SICKLE-POD.   Campbell's  Ledge  ;  Mocanaqua. 
Dudley. 

53.  A.  lyrata,  L.     Common  on  cliffs. 

54.  A.  dentata,   Torr.  and  Gray.      Abundant  in  grove  opp.  Wilkes- 
Barre.     Thurston. 

DRABA,  DILL. 

55.  D.  VERNA,  L.     WHITLOW-GRASS.     Near  Toby's  Cave,  Kingston. 
Thurston. 

NASTURTIUM,  R.  BR. 
WATER-CRESS. 

56.  N.  OFFICINALE,  R.  Br.     Common. 

57.  N.  palustre,  DC.     Common. 

58.  N.  ARMORACIA,  Fries.     HORSERADISH.     Often  cultivated. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  7 

BARBAREA,  R.  BR. 
WINTER-CRESS. 

59.  B.  vulgaris,  R.  Br.     Common. 

ERYSIMUM,  TOURN. 

60.  E.  cheiranthoides,  L.     Below  Mocanaqua.     Dudley.     Kingston 
"Flats."      Thurston. 

SISYMBRIUM,  TOURN. 
HEDGE  MUSTARD. 

61.  S.  OFFICINALE,  Scop.     Common. 

BRASSICA,  TCURN. 

62.  B.    SINAPISTRUM,   Boiss.     Near  Scranlon.     Mrs.  Buell.     Crystal 
Lake.     Dudley.     The  cultivated  turnip,  cabbage,  etc.,  belong  to  spe- 
cies of  this  genus. 

63.  B.  NIGRA,  Gray.     Common.     Davis.    Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

CAPSELLA,  MEDIC. 
SHEPHERD'S  PURSE. 

64.  C.  BURSA-PASTORIS,  Moench.      Very  common. 

LEPIDIUM,  TOURN. 
PEPPERGRASS. 

65.  L.  Virginicum,  L.     Common. 

66.  L.  RUDERALE,  L.     Coxton.     Miss  Carlson.     Wilkes-Barre;  Scran- 
ton.     Dudley. 

L.  SATIYUM,  L.     CULTIVATED  PKPPERGRASS. 

RAPHANUS,   TOURN. 

67.  R.  SATIVUS,  L.     RADISH.     Cultivated. 

Escaped  near  Scranton.     Dudley. 

ii.    CAPPARIDACE^E. 

POLANISIA,   RAF. 

68.  P.  graveolens,   Raf.     Susquehanna  River,  near  L.  and  B.  Junc- 
tion.    Dudley. 


8  LACKA  WANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLOE  A. 

12.  CISTACE^: 

HELIANTHEMUM,  TOURN. 

69.  H.  Canadense,  Michx.     ROCK-ROSE.     Lower  Lackawanna  Val- 
ley; Penobscot  Knob;  Campbell's   Ledge.     Dudley.     Near  Kings- 
ton.     Thurston. 

LECHEA,  KALM. 

70.  L.  major,  Michx.     Campbell's  Ledge ;  Falling  Spring.     Dudley. 

71.  L.  thymifolia,  Michx.     Campbell's  Ledge.     Dudley. 

72.  L.  minor,  L.     PINWEED.     Common. 

73.  L.  racemulosa,  Lam.     Penobscot  Knob;   Mountain   Inn   Road. 
Dudley. 

13.  VIOLACE^. 

VIOLA,  TOURN. 

74.  V.  pedata,  L.    BIRD  FOOT  VIOLET.   Tilbury  Knob.  Harry  Camp. 
Near  Kingston.      Thurston.     Var.  bicolor,  Pursh.     Tilbury  Knob. 
Harry  Camp.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

75.  V.  palmata,  L.     On  drier  ground  than  the  variety  and  less  com- 
mon ;    Pittston,   opp.    Park.      Miss    Carlson.      Plainsville.      Davis. 
Kingston,   etc.     Var.    cucullata,    Gray.     COMMON   BLUE  VIOLET. 
Very  common. 

76.  V.  sagittata,  Ait.     ARROW  LEAVED  VIOLET.     Common  on   dry 
ground. 

77.  V.   Selkirkii,    Pursh.      GREAT-SPURRED   VIOLET.     Ararat   Peak. 
Dudley. 

78.  V.  blanda,  Willd.     SWEET  WHITE   V.     Moist  places,    common 
and  variable. 

79.  V.  primulaefolia,  L.    PRIMROSE  V.    Shores  of  Moosic  L.    Dudley 

80.  V.  lanceolata,  I,.  Plainsville.     Davis.     Coxton.     Miss  Carlson. 
Moosic  L.  and  L.  Henry.     Dudley. 

81.  V.  rotundifolia,  Michx.     Moist  woods;  common.     Davis. 

82.  V.  pubescens,  Ait.     DOWNY  YELLOW  V.     Common. 

83.  V.  Canadensis,  L.     Common  in  rich  woods. 

84.  V.    striata,  Ait.     Pale   V.     Carpenter's    Island.     Miss    Carlson. 
Two  places  by  the  river  near  Kingston.      Thurston. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  9 

85.  V,  rostrata,  Pursh.     LONG-SPURRED  V.     Near   Archbald;   rare. 
Davis.  Ashley  Planes ;  back  of  Toll  Gate,  above  Luzerne.     Thurston. 

86.  V.  canina,  L.     Var.  Muhlenbergii,  Gray.     DOG  V.     Common. 

87.  V.  TRICOLOR,  L.   PANSY.    Cult.    Var.  arvensis,  Gr.     A  light  col- 
ored variety  abundant  at  base  of  Campbell's  Ledge ;  a  blue  variety 
abundant  about  Kingston  and  Luzerne.      Thurston. 

88.  V.  ODORATA  L.     English  V.     Cult. 

14.   CARYOPHYLLACE^E. 

SAPONARIA,   L. 

89.  S.  OFFICINALIS,  L.     SOAPWORT.     BOUNCING  BET.     Common. 

SILENE,   L. 
CATCHFLY. 

90.  S.  stellata,  Ait.     STARRY  CAMPION.     Rather  common.     Mocana- 
qua ;  Campbell's  Ledge ;    Penobscot  Knob ;  near  Duryea.     Dtidley. 
Wyoming ;  Kingston.      Thurston. 

91.  S.  Pennsylvanica,  Michx.     Near  Falling  Spring.      Thurston. 

92.  S.  antirrhina,  L.     SLEEPY  CATCHFLY.     Mocanaqua ;  Campbell's 
Ledge.     Dudley.     Kingston  streets.      Thurston.     Opening  only    in 
bright  sunshine. 

LYCHNIS,  TOURN. 
COCKLE. 

93.  L.  GITHAGO,  Lam.     In  fields.     Davis. 

94.  L.  VESPERTINA,  Sibth.     Kingston,  in  waste  ground.      Thurston. 

ARENARIA,  L. 

95.  A.  SERPYLLI FOLIA,  L.     SANDWORT.     Wilkes-Barre,  etc.     Dudley. 

STELLARIA,  L. 

96.  S.  MEDIA,  Smith.     CHICKWEED.     A  common  weed  from  Europe. 

97.  S.  longifolia,  Muhl.    Kingston.     Thurston.    Beach  Haven.     Da- 
vis.    Coxton.     Miss  Carlson. 

98.  S.  uliginosa,  Murr.     In  big  spring  below  Mt.  Pocono.     Dudley. 

99.  S.  borealis,  Bigel.     Elk  Mt.     Dudley.     Also  sent  to  Prof.  Porter 
from  Wayne  Co.  by  John  M.  Dolph. 


10  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

CERASTIUM,  L. 

100.  C.  VISCOSUM,  L.     MOUSE-EAR  CHICKWEED.     Common. 

101.  C.  arvense,  L.     FIELD  CHICKWEED.     Rather   common   about 
Kingston.      Thurston. 

SPERGULA,  L. 

102.  S.   ARVENSIS,  L.      CORN  SPURREY.      Above  Carbondale ;  near 
Ararat  Station.     Dudley. 

[The  CARNATION  PINK,  SWEET  WILLIAM,  etc.,  are  cultivated  species 
of  the  genus  Dianthus.] 

15.  PORTULACACE^. 

PORTULACA,  TOURN. 

103.  P.  OLERACEA,  L.     PURSLANE.      A   common  garden  weed  from 
Europe. 

CLAYTONIA,  GRONOV. 

SPRING-BEAUTY. 

104.  C.  Virginica,    L.     Near    Scranton.      Mrs.    Buell.     Carpenter's 
Island.     Miss  Carlson. 

105.  C.  Caroliniana,  Michx.     Common. 

16.    HYPERICACE.E. 

HYPERICUM,  TOURN. 
ST.  JOHN'S  WORT. 

1 06.  H.  Ascyron,  L.     Near  Kingston.     Thurston. 

107.  H.    ellipticum,    Hook.     Tobyhanna    Mills,  '81.     Prof.  Porter. 
Moosic  Lake.     Dudley. 

108.  H.  PERFORATUM,  L.     Common. 

109.  H.  maculatum,  Walt.     (//.  corymbosum,  Muhl.     5th  ed.  Man.) 
Rather  common. 

no.  H.  mutilum,  L.     Rather  common. 

111.  H.  Canadense,  L.     Pocono  Station,   D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R,  '81. 
Prof.  Porter.     Pocono  Summit.     Dttdley. 

112.  H.  nudicaule,  Walt..    (H.   Sarothra,   Michx.)    Common  in  Wy- 
oming Valley,  in  dry  fields.      7^hurston. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  11 


ELODES,  ADANS. 

113.  E.  campanulata,  Pursh.     Common  in  swamps  and  ponds. 

17.  MALVACEAE. 

MALVA,  L. 

114.  M.  ROTUNDIFOLIA,  L.      COMMON    MALLOW. 

ABUTILON,  TOURN. 

115.  A.  AVICENN^,  Gaertn.   VELVET-LEAF.    Wilkes-Barre,  Wyoming, 
Kingston,  etc. 

18.    TILIACEiE. 

TILIA,  TOURN. 
LINDEN.    BASSWOOD. 

1 1 6.  T.  Americana,  L.     Abundant. 

117.  T.  pubescens,  Ait.     Solomon's  Gap;  near  brook  above  Dalton 
Station,  D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.     Dudley. 

19.  LINAGES. 

LINUM,   TOURN. 
FLAX. 

118.  L.  Virginianum,  L.    Campbell's  Ledge ;  Penobscot  Knob;  Red 
Shale  ledges  above  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 

119.  L.    sulcatum,   Riddell.     Top   of  Campbell's    Ledge.     Dudley. 
"This  rare  plant  is  reported  from  Pennsylvania  only  from  two  or  three 
other  localities."     Prof.  Porter,  '87. 

20.  GERANIACE^:. 

GERANIUM,  TOURN. 
CRANESBILL. 

120.  G.  maculatum,  L.     Common. 

121.  G.  Robertianum,    L.     HERB   ROBERT.    Near  Scranton    .Mrs. 
Buell.     W.  Pittston.     Miss  Carlson.     Woods  between   R.   R.   and 
Lake  Henry.     Dudley. 


12  LACKA  WANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

OXALIS,   L. 

WOOD-SORREL. 

122.  O.  Acetosella,  L.     Rather  common  in  cold  woods. 

123.  O.  violacea,  L.    Near  Shickshinny.    Miss  Fredia  Ruggles.    Til- 
bury Knob.      Thurston. 

124.  O.  corniculata,  L.     Var.  stricta,  Sav.     Very  common. 

IMPATIENS,  L. 
JEWEL-WEED. 

125.  I.  pallida,  Nutt.     PALE  TOUCH-ME-NOT.     Nay  Aug.     Dudley. 
Common  about  Kingston.      Thiirston. 

126.  I.  fulva,  Nutt.     Common. 

2i.  RUTACE^E. 

XANTHOXYLUM,   L. 

127.  X.  Americanum,  Mill.    PRICKLY  ASH.    Near  Dalton.  Dudley. 

22.    SIMARUBACE^E. 

AILANTHUS,  DESF. 
TREE  OF  HEAVEN. 

128.  A.  GLANDULOSUS,  Desf.     Escaped  near  the  School  House  below 
Lacka wanna  Station.     Dudley.     From  China. 

23.  ILICINE^ 

ILEX,   L. 

HOLLY. 

129.  I.  monticola,  Gray.     Near  Archbald.     Davis.     S.  E.  of  Dun- 
more  ;  Moosic  L. ;  Lake  Henry  ;  Elk  Mt. ;  Sugar  Loaf  Mt. ;  Pocono 
Summit.      Dudley. 

130.  I.  mollis,  Gray.     Frequent  near  Archbald.     Davis.     Near  Le- 
high  Pond.     Dudley. 

131.  I.  verticillata,  Gray.    BLACK  ALDER.   WINTER-BERRY.  Swamps 
throughout.    Its  red  fruit  is  very  noticeable  in  late  autumn. 

132.  I.  Isevigata,  Gray.    Head  of  Little  Roaring  Brook ;  Lehigh  Pond ; 
Pocono  Summit ;  rare  in  Pennsylvania.     Dudley. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  13 

NEMOPANTHES,  RAF. 
MOUNTAIN  HOLLY. 

133.  N.  fascicularis,  Raf.     (N.    Canadensis,  Man.  5th  ed.)     Head 
of  Little  Roaring  Brook ;  Pocono  Summit,  abundant ;  Lehigh  Pond ; 
Lake  Henry ;  Moosic  L.;  Atherton's  Pond,  Dalton.     Dudley.     Near 
Archibald.     Davis. 

24.    CELASTRACE^E. 

CELASTRUS,  L. 

134.  C.  scandens,  L.   BITTER-SWEET.    Rather  common  about  Kings- 
ton.    Thurston.     Campbell's  Ledge,  Duryea,  etc.     Dudley. 

25.    RHAMNACE^E. 

CEANOTHUS,  L. 

135.  C.  Americanus,  L.   JERSEY  TEA.    Common  in  dry,  rocky  woods. 

26.  VITACE-ffi. 

VITIS,  TOURN. 
GRAPE. 

136.  V.  Labrusca,  L.    FOX-GRAPE.    South  of  Wilkes-Barre ;  Lower 
Lackawanna  Valley ;   Capouse.     Dudley.     Not   rare   in   Wyoming 
Valley.     Thurston.     The  original  of  the  Concord,  Catawba,  etc. 

137.  V.  sestivalis,  Michx.     SUMMER  FROST  GRAPE.     Frequent. 

138.  V.  riparia,  Michx.     (V.  cordifoliay\\ax.  riparia  Gray.     5th  ed. 
Man.)     Flats  opp.  Wilkes-Barre. 

AMPELOPSIS,  MICHX. 
VIRGINIAN  CREEPER. 

139.  A.  quinquefolia,  Michx.     Common. 

27.    SAPINDACE^E. 

y^SCULUS,   L. 

140.  JE.  HIPPOCASTANUM,  L.    HORSE-CHESTNUT.    Cultivated;   rarely 
escaping. 


14  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

ACER,  TOURN. 

141.  A.  Pennsylvanicum,  L.     STRIPED  MAPLE.     Elk  Hills;  Bald 
Mt;  Shickshinny;    Lake    Henry.     Dudley.     Near   Kingston;    cliff 
opp.  Campbell's  Ledge.      Thurston. 

142.  A.  spicatum,  Lam.     MOUNTAIN  MAPLE.     Bald  Mt.     Dudley. 
Above  Luzerne.      Thurston.     Common  about  Archbald.     Davis. 

143.  A.  saccharinum,  Wang.     SUGAR  MAPLE.     Frequent. 

144.  A.  dasycarpum,  Ehrh.     SILVER  MAPLE.     Abundant  along  the 
Susquehanna. 

145.  A.  rubrum,  L.     RED  MAPLE.     Common. 

NEGUNDO,  MOENCH. 

146.  N.  ACEROIDES,  Moench.    Said  by  Mr.  J.  H.  Fisher  to  be  in  Wayne 
Co.     Not  reported  within   limits,  but  ought  to  be  found  along  the 
Susquehanna. 

STAPHYLEA,   L. 
BLADDER-NUT. 

147.  S.  trifolia,  L.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

28.    ANACARDIACE^E. 

RHUS,  L. 

SUMACH. 

148.  R.  typhina,  L.     STAGHORN  SUMACH.     Common. 

149.  R.  glabra,  L.     SMOOTH  SUMACH.     Common. 

150.  R.  copallina,  L.     Frequent. 

151.  R.  venenata,  DC.     POISON  SUMACH.     Swamp,  above  Goulds- 
boro.     Dudley.     Lily  Lake.     Davis. 

152.  R.  Toxicodendron,  L.     POISON  IVY.    POISON  OAK.     Common. 

29.  POLYGALACE^:. 

POLYGALA,  TOURN. 

153.  P.  paucifolia,  Willd.     FRINGED  POLYGALA.     Common. 

154.  P.  sanguinea,  L.     Fields  back  of  Plainsville.     Davis.     Kings- 
ton.     Thurston. 

155.  P.verticillata,  L.  Near  Wilkes-Barre ;  L.  &  B.  Junction.    Dudley. 
Kingston.     Thurston.    Var.  ambigua,Watson.     (Polygala  ambigua, 
Nutt.)     On  ledges  of  red  shale  above  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 


LACK  AW  ANN  A  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  15 

30.  LEGUMINOS^E. 

BAPTISIA,  VENT. 

156.  B.  tinctoria,  R.  Br.     WILD  INDIGO.     Everywhere  abundant  in 

dry  woods. 

LUPINUS,  TOURN. 

157.  L.  perennis,  L.     LUPINE.     Common. 

TRIFOLIUM,  TOURN. 
CLOVER. 

158.  T.   ARVENSE,   L.     RABBIT-FOOT   CLOVER.     Campbell's    Ledge. 
Dudley.     L.  &  B.  Junction.      Thurston. 

159.  T.  PRATENSE,  L.     RED  CLOVER.     Common. 

160.  T.  repens,  L.     WHITE  CLOVER.     Common. 

161.  T.    HYBRIDUM,  L.      ALSIKE   CLOVER.      Pocono   Summit;    near 
Pittston  ;  near  Paupack  crossroads  ;  not  common.     Dudley, 

162.  T.  AGRARIUM,  L.     YELLOW  C.     Common  throughout. 

MELILOTUS,  TOURN. 
SWEET  CLOVER. 

163.  M.  ALBA,  Lam.     Common  about  Kingston.      Thurston. 

MEDICAGO,  TOURN. 

164.  M.  SATIVA,  L.     ALFALFA.     LUCERNE.    Occasional  in  fields  about 
Kingston.      Thurston. 

165.  M.  LUPULINA,  L.    BLACK  MEDICK.    Wyoming,  by  R.  R.    Thurs- 
ton.    Near  Scranton  (?).     Dudley. 

TEPHROSIA,   PERS. 

1 66.  T.  Virginiana,  Pers.    HOARY  PEA.    N.  E.  of  Dunmore ;  Camp- 
bell's   Ledge;  Penobscot    Knob;     Red    Shales    above    Mocanaqua. 

Dudley. 

ROBINIA,  L. 

LOCUST -TREK. 

167.  R.  Pseudacacia,  L.     Rarely  escaping.     Near  Scranton  ;   Kings- 
ton ;  Campbell's  Ledge.    Dudley.    At  Locust  Ridge,  six  miles  S.  W. 
of  Tobyhanna  Mills,  where  it  is  certainly  indigenous.     Prof.  Porter, 
If  not  indigenous,  certainly  well  established  on  th'e  hills  N.  of  Luzerne. 
Thurston. 


16  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

DESMODIUM,  DESV. 

1 68.  D.  nudiflorum,  DC.     S.  of  Wilkes-Barre ;  the  small  form,  with 
scattered  leaves,  in  the  woods  of  Campbell's  Ledge.     Dudley. 

169.  D.   acuminatum,  DC.     Campbell's  Ledge;  Penobscot   Knob; 
near  Wilkes-Barre  and  Shickshinny,  in  mountain  woods.     Dudley. 

170.  D.  rotundifolium,  DC.     Campbell's  Ledge,  and  above  Mocana- 
qua.     Dudley. 

171.  D.  canescens,  DC.     Near  Wyoming;  Mocanaqua.     Dudley.. 

172.  D.  cuspidatum,  Torr.  &  Gray.     Campbell's  Ledge  ;  Red  Shale 
ledges  above  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 

173.  D.  Dillenii,  Darlingt.     Above  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 

174.  D.  paniculatum,  DC.    Frequent.   Falling  Spring;  Mocanaqua; 
Wilkes-Barre  Mt.,  etc.     Dudley. 

175.  D.  Canadense,  DC.    Not  common.    Above  Pittston  ;  Red  Shales 
above  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 

176.  D.  rigidum,  DC.  Red  Shales  above  Mocanaqua,  in  herb.    Dud- 
ley.    A  rare  plant  in  Pennsylvania.     Prof.  Porter,  '87. 

177.  D.    ciliare,    DC.     Falling  Spring,  in  herb;  Campbell's  Ledge. 
Dudley. 

178.  D.  Marilandicum,  F.  Boott.     Red  Shales    above   Mocanaqua; 
Campbell's  Ledge  ;  Penobscot  Knob.     Dudley. 

LESPEDEZA,  MICHX. 
BUSH-CLOVER. 

179.  L.  procumbens,  Michx.    Campbell's  Ledge ;  the  Red  Shales ;  S. 
E.  of  Wilkes-Barre,  in  herb.     Dudley. 

180.  L.  violacea,  Pers.     Campbell's    Ledge;    Mocanaqua;  frequent 
in  the  lower  Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley. 

181.  L.  reticulata,  Pers.     Near  Campbell's  Ledge.     Dudley. 

182.  L.  polystachya,  Michx.     (L.  hirta.   Ell.)     Frequent.     Camp- 
bell's Ledge,  etc. 

183.  L.  capitata,  Michx.     Lower    Lackawanna   Valley;    Penobscot 
Knob ;  near  Wyoming.     Dudley. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  17 

VICIA,  TOURN. 
VETCH.    TARE. 

184.  V.  Cracca,  L.  Tobyhanna  Mills,  1881.      Prof.  Porter. 

185.  V.  Caroliniana,  Walt.     Mountain  Inn  road ;  Campbell's  Ledge. 
Dudley.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

1 86.  V.  Americana,  Muhl.     Near  Kingston.     Thurston.     Opposite 
Pittston  Park.     Miss  Carlson. 

APIOS,    BOERHAAVE. 

187.  A.  tuberosa,  Moench.     Near  Wyoming;  Lake  Henry;  Moosic 
Lake.     Dudley.     Lily  Lake.     Davis. 

AMPHICARP/EA,   ELL. 
HOG  PEANUT. 

188.  A.  monoica,  Nutt.     Very  common. 

CASSIA,  TOURN. 

SENNA. 

189.  C.  Marilandica,  L.     Kingston,  in  herb.     Miss  Josie  Stadler. 

190.  C.   nictitans,   L.     WILD   SENSITIVE   PLANT.     Frequent   about 
Kingston.      Thurston. 

31.  ROSACES, 

PRUNUS,  TOURN. 
[The  cultivated  Cherries,  Plums,  Peaches,  etc.,  belong  here.] 

191.  P.  Americana,   Marshall.     Abundant  in  lower  Lackawanna  and 
Wyoming  Valleys ;  two  trees  near  Everhart's  Island,  each  ten  inches 
in  diameter.     Dudley. 

192.  P.  pumila,  L.     DWARF  CHERRY.     Near  Nay  Aug.     Graves. 

193.  P.  Pennsylvanica,  L.     WILD  RED  CHERRY.     BIRD  CHERRY. 
Frequent. 

194.  P.  Virginiana,  L.     CHOKE~CHERRY.     Common. 

195.  P.  serotina,  Ehrh.     WILD  BLACK  CHERRY.     Abundant,  espe- 
cially in  the  valley  woods. 


18  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

SPIR>€A,  L. 

196.  S.    salicifolia,    L.     COMMON   MEADOW-SWEET.     Abundant   in 
both  valleys. 

197.  S.  tomentosa,  L.     HARDHACK.     Very  abundant  about  Carbon- 
dale  and  the  damp  gravelly  pastures,  northern  part  of  valley  ;  fewer 
in  lower  Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  Valleys,  though  quite  abundant 
in  a  swamp  near  Broderick's.     Dudley. 

PHYSOCARPUS,  MAXIM. 

198.  P.  opulifolius,  Maxim.     NINE-BARK.     Above  Coxton  along  the 
Susquehanna;  near  the  old  track  of  D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  in  lower 
Lackawanna  Valley.    Dudley.    Occasional  about  Kingston.     Thurs- 

GILLENIA,  MOENCH. 

199.  G.    trifoliata,    Moench.     Campbell's  Ledge  ;  Penobscot  Knob; 
Mountain  Inn  road;  Mocanaqua.    Dudley.    Near  Kingston.     Thurs- 
ton.     Near  W.  Pittston.     Miss  Carlson. 

RUBUS,  TOURN. 

200.  R.  odoratus,  L.     PURPLE  FLOWERING- RASPBERRY.     (Often  in- 
correctly   called    Mulberry.)       At    Nay   Aug ;    Campbell's    Ledge ; 
Mocanaqua ;  above  Legget's  Gap.    Dudley.    Near  Kingston.    Thurs- 
ton. 

201.  R.  strigosus,  Michx.     RED  RASPBERRY.     Common,  especially 
on  the  mountains. 

202.  R.  occidentalis,  L.     BLACKCAP  RASPBERRY.     THIMBLEBERRY. 
Frequent. 

203.  R.  neglectus,  Pk.    (An  apparent  hybrid  between  R.  occidenta- 
lis,   L.,  and   R.  strigosus,  Michx.     See    Manual,  p.    155.)     Lower 
Lackawanna  Valley;   Mocanaqua,  in  herb.;  also  in  herb,  of  R.  N. 
Davis.     Dudley. 

204.  R.  villosus,  Ait.     HIGH  BLACKBERRY.     Common. 

205.  R.  Canadensis,  L.     DEWBERRY.     Common. 

206.  R.  hispidus,  L.     SWAMP  BLACKBERRY.    Swamp  at  head  of  Lit- 
tle Roaring  Brook;   Lehigh  P.,  abundant;   L.  Henry,  frequent;  near 
Dickson  Station.     Dudley. 

DALIBARDA,    L. 

207.  D.   repens,    L.     Swamp  at  head  of  Little  Roaring.  Brook  ;   L. 
Henry;  near  Lehigh  P.;  above  Gouldsboro.     Dudley. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  19 

GEUM,  L. 

AVENS. 

208.  G.  album,  Gmelin.     Lower  Lackawanna  Valley.    Dudley.     Not 
rare  in  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

209.  G.  Virginianum,  L.     Campbell's  Ledge;  near  road  from  Pau- 
pack  to  Moosic  L.;  occasional  in  Wyoming  Valley.     Dudley. 

210.  G.  strictum,  Ait.     Tobyhanna  Mills.     Prof.  Porter. 

WALDSTEINIA,  WILLD. 

211.  W.  fragarioides,  Tratt.  BARREN  STRAWBERRY.     Near  Scranton . 
Mrs.  Budl.     Near  Archbald.     Davis.     Near  Nanticoke  ;  Luzerne  ; 
Ransom.      Thurston. 

FRAGARIA,  TOURN. 

212.  F.  Virginiana,  Mill.     WILD  STRAWBERRY.     Common. 

213.  F.  vesca,  L.     In  woods,  common. 

POTENTILLA,  L. 

CINQUE-FOIL.     FIVE-FINGER. 

214.  P.  arguta,  Pursh.     Top  of  Campbell's  Ledge,  in  herb.     Dudley. 
Rare  in  Pennsylvania,  only  reported  from  the  Susquehanna  below 
Harrisburg,  and  the  Delaware  near  Easton.     Prof.  Porter,  '87. 

215.  P.  Norvegica,  L.     Common. 

216.  P.  argentea,   L.     SILVERY   CINQUE-FOIL.     Campbell's  Ledge. 
Dudley.     W.    Pittston.      Miss    Carlson.      Occasional    in    Wyoming 
Valley.     Thurston. 

217.  P.  palustris,  Scop.     MARSH  CINQUE-FOIL.     Wyoming  Swamp, 
abundant;  Lehigh  P.,  in  herb.;  L.  Henry,  abundant;  Ararat  Marsh. 

'     Dudley.     Swamp  near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

In  '87  Prof.  Porter  quoted  it  from  but  one  station  in  Pennsylvania, 
in  Pike  Co. 

218.  P.  tridentata,  Ait.     ''Lookout  Ledges"  on  Bald  Mt.,  1886,  in 
herb.;  Penobscot  Knob  Summit.     Dudley. 

The  specimens  obtained  on  Bald  Mt.  in  '86  by  Prof.  Dudley  were 
the  first  observed  in  Pennsylvania. 

219.  P.  Canadensis,  L.    COMMON  CINQUE-FOIL,    FIVE-FINGER.    Both 
forms  common.     (See  Manual,  p.  160.) 


20  LACKA  WANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 

ROSA,  TOURN. 
ROSE. 

220.  R.  setigera,  Michx.     PRAIRIE  R.     By  road  N.  of  Taylorville.   A 
doubtful  specimen.     Dudley. 

221.  R.  blanda,  Ait.     Near  Kingston,  in  herb.      Thurstqn. 

222.  R.  Carolina,  L.     Not  uncommon  in  swamps,  on  islands,  etc. 

223.  R.  humilis,  Marsh.     (See  6th  ed.  Man.,  p.  163.)     Frequent,  es- 
pecially in  mountain  woods.     Penobscot  Knob.     Dudley.     W.  Pitts- 
ton.     Miss  Carlson. 

224.  R.  RUBIGINOSA,  L.     SWEETBRIER.     Frequent. 

225.  R.  CANINA,  L.     DOG  ROSE.     A  single  plant  toward  the  river  be- 
low Forty  Fort ;  another  by  road  at  base  of  cliff  opp.  Campbell's  Ledge. 

PYRUS,  L. 
PEAR.     APPLE. 

226.  P.    MALUS,    L.     APPLE.     Wild  in   lower   Lackawanna   Valley. 
Dudley.     Very  many  varieties  in  cultivation. 

227.  P.  COMMUNIS.     COMMON  PEAR.     Cultivated. 

228.  P.  coronaria,  L.     WILD  CRAB  APPLE.     Frequent  throughout. 

229.  P.  arbutifolia,  L.    CHOKE-BERRY.    (Fruit  red.)    Rather  common. 
Var.  melanocarpa,  Hook.     (Fruit  black.)     Near  Atherton's  Pond. 
Dudley. 

230.  P.  Americana,  DC.     MOUNTAIN  ASH.    Bald  Mt.;  Pocono  Sum- 
mit ;  Lehigh  Pond,  in  herb.     Dudley.     Above  Luzerne.      Thurston. 

231.  P.  sambucifolia,  Cham.  &  Schlecht.     Near  Luzerne,  apparently 
spontaneous;  in  herb.      Thurston. 

CRAT/EGUS,   L. 

HAWTHORN. 

232.  C.  OXYACANTHA,  L.     ENGLISH  H.     Escaped  to  roadside,  sev- 
eral shrubs,  N.  of  Dundaff.     Dudley.     Hitherto  escaped  in  Penn'a, 
only  near  Phila.     Prof.  Porter. 

233.  C.  coccinea,  L.  SCARLET  THORN.     Frequent   throughout.     At 
Penobscot   Knob  specimens  noticed   with  leaves   cuneate    at    base. 
Dudley.     Var.   macracantha,    Dudley.     (See  Man.,  p.   165;  also 
Cayuga  Flora,  p.  33.)     Duryea;  S.  of  Wilkes-Barre ;  lower  Lacka- 
wanna Valley.     J)iittlty. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  21 

234.  C.  tomentosa,  L.    BLACK  THORN.    Lower  Lackawanna  Valley, 
etc.     Dudley. 

235.  C.    punctata,    Jacq.      (C.    tomentosa,    var.  punctata>    Gray.) 
Duryea ;  near  Wilkes-Barre  ;  Mountain  Inn  Road.     Dudley. 

236.  C.  Crus-galli,  L.     COCKSPUR  THORN.     S.  E.  of  Wilkes-Barre. 

Dudley. 

AMELANCHIER,  MEDIC. 

JUNE-BERRY.     SHADBUSH. 

237.  A.   Canadensis,   Torr.  &  Gray.     Common.     The  broad-leaved 
variety  (var.  rotundifolia,  Torr.  &  Gray)  is  somewhat  common  about 
Kingston.      Thurston.     Bald    Mt;    Penobscot    Knob;    Mocanaqua; 
Campbell's  Ledge.     Dudley. 

32.    SAXIFRAGACE^:. 

SAXIFRAGA,  L 

SAXIFRAGE. 

238.  S.  Virginiensis,  Michx.     EARLY  S.     Common  on  rocks. 

239.  S.  Pennsylvanica,  L.     SWAMP  S.     Near  Kingston.     Thurston. 

TIARELLA,   L. 

FALSE  MITRE-WORT. 

240.  T.  cordifolia,  L.     Near  Scranton.    Mrs.  Buell  and  Mrs.  Beeber. 
Woods  near  Lake  Henry.    Dudley.    Near  Harvey's  Lake.    Thurston. 

MITELLA,  TOURN. 

BlSHOP'S-CAP. 

241.  M.  diphylla,  L.     Frequent. 

242.  M.  nuda,   L.     Swamp  on  Pocono  Mt.;    N.    E.  of  Tobyhanna. 
Dudley.     "Rare  in  Pennsylvania."     Prof.  Porter. 

CHRYSOSPLENIUM,  TOURN. 
GOLDEN  SAXIFRAGE. 

243.  C.    Americanum,    Schwein.      Spring    Brook    near    Archbald 
"potholes;"  Lehigh  Pond ;  Pocono  Summit  Spring.     Dudley. 

HYDRANGEA,  GRONOV. 

244.  H.  arborescens,  L.   WILD  H.     Frequent  in  Lackawanna  and 
Wyoming  Valleys  and  up  the  mountain  streams. 


22  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

RIBES,  L. 
CURRANT.    GOOSEBERRY. 

245.  R.  Cynosbati,  L.     PRICKLY  GOOSEBERRY.     Elk  Hills;  a  few 
on  sandstone  ledges  above  Taylorville ;  by  road  from  Paupack  cross 
roads  to  Moosic  Lake.     Dudley. 

246.  R.  rotundifolium,  Michx.     Campbell's  Ledge  cliffs;  Red  Shales 
near  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 

247.  R.  prostratum,  L'Her.    FETID  CURRANT.  Swamp  above  Goulds- 
boro ;  Pocono  Summit  Spring.     Dudley. 

248.  R.  RUBRUM,  L.     RED  GARDEN  CURRANT.     Rare  as  a  scape ;  in 
herb.     Davis.     Ashley  Planes.      Thurston. 

249.  R.  flpridum,  L'Her.     BLACK  C.     Plainsville,  in  herb.     Davis. 
Below  Scranton.     Dudley.     Perhaps  indigenous. 

33.  CRASSULACE^E. 

PENTHORUM,  GRONOV. 

250.  P.  sedoides,  L.     DITCH  STONE-CROP.     Common. 

SEDUM,  TOURN. 
STONE-CROP. 

251.  S.  TELPHIUM,  L.     LIVE-FOR-EVER.     E.  of  Wyoming;  Nay  Aug 
ravine ;  near  Maplewood  via  E.  &  W.  R.  R.     Dudley. 

34-.    DROSERACE^:. 

DROSERA,  L. 

SUNDEW. 

252.  D.  rotundifolia,  L.     Moosic  Mt;  Moosic  Lake;  Lehigh  Pond; 
Pocono  Summit  Spring;  none  at  Lake  Henry.     Dudley. 

253.  D.  intermedia,  Hayne.     Var.  Americana,  DC.     In  bog  about 
Lehigh  Pond;  leaves  in  herb.;  Sinkhole  Marsh  near  Ararat.   Dudley. 

35.  HAMAMELIDE^E. 

HAMAMELIS,  L. 
WITCH-HAZEL. 

254.  H.  Virginiana,  L.     Common  throughout.     Peculiar  for  bloom- 
ing in  October  and  November  and  not  perfecting  its  fruit  until  the 
next  autumn. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  23 

36.  HALORAGE/E. 

CALLITRICHE,  L. 

255.  C.   heterophylla,  Pursh.      WATER  -  STARWORT.      Tobyhanna 
Mills.     Prof.  Porter.     Lake  Henry;  Mt.  Pocono  Spring;  in  herb. 
Dudley-     Also  in  herb,  of  Lackawanna  Institute. 

37.  LYTHRACE^:. 

DECODON,  GMEL. 

256.  D.  verticillatus,  Ell.    (ATescea  verticillata,  5th  ed.  Man.)    About 
Atherton's  Pond.     Dtidley. 

38.  ONAGRACE^E. 

LUDWIGIA,  L. 

FALSE  LOOSESTRIFE. 

257.  L.  alternifolia,  L.    Wyoming  Swamp;  Kingston  "Pond  Holes." 
Thurston.     Pond   opp.    Duryea ;    gravelly   shores    of  Susquehanna 
River  S.  E.  of  Mocanaqua  ;  in  herb.     Dudley. 

258.  L.    palustris,    Ell.      Wyoming    Swamp.      Dudley.       Kingston 
"Pond  Holes." 

EPILOBIUM,L. 
WILLOW-HERB. 

259.  E.  augustifolium,  L.     FIRE-WEED.     Common. 

260.  E.  lineare,  Muhl.     (E.  pahtstre,  var.    lineare,    Man.    5th    ed.) 
Pocono  Summit  Spring;  Swamp  at  head  of  Little  Roaring  Brook. 
Dudley. 

261.  E.  coloratura,  Muhl.     Common. 

CENOTHERA,   L. 

EVENING  PRIMROSE. 

262.  CE.  biennis,  L.     Frequent  throughout. 

t 

263.  CE.  pumila,  L.     Not  very  abundant  but  well  distributed. 

264.  CE.  fruticosa,  L.     Abundant  below  Campbell's  Ledge ;  in  herb. 
Davis.     Pocono  Mt.,  abundant;  E.  of  Penobscot  Knob;   Bald  Mt.; 
in  herb.     Dudley. 


•34  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

GAURA,    L. 

265.  G.  biennis,  L.     Frequently  seen  in  Wyoming  Valley. 

CIRC/EA,  TOURN. 
ENCHANTER'S  NIGHTSHADE. 

266.  C.  Lutetiana,  L.     Frequent. 

267.  C.  alpina,  L.     Common  near  Archbald.    Davis.    Tompkinsville. 
Graves.     Tilbury  Knob.     Thurston.     Swamp  near  Mountain  Inn; 
Lehigh    Pond ;    Scott   Township    Road ;    tops    of  river   mountains. 
Dudley. 

39.  CUCURBITACE^. 

[The  Squash,  Pumpkin,  Gourd,  Melon,  Cucumber,  etc.,  are  of  this 
family.] 

SICYOS,  L. 

268.  S.  angulatus,  L.     STAR  CUCUMBER.     Waste   places.    Wilkes- 
Barre  and    lower  Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley.     Kingston  "Pond 
Holes."      Thurston. 

ECHINOCYSTIS,  TORR.  &  GRAY. 

269.  E.  lobata,  Torr.  &  Gray.     WILD  BALSAM-APPLE.    Frequent  near 
Kingston,  by  the  "Pond  Holes"  and  near  the  river.      Thurston. 

40.    FICOIDE^E. 

MOLLUGO,   L. 

270.  M.  VERTICILLATA  L.     CARPET-WEED.     Rather  frequent. 

41.  UMBELLIFER^:. 

DAUCUS,  TOURN. 

271.  D.  CAROTA,  L.     WILD  CARROT.     Abundant  in  both  valleys. 

ANGELICA,   L. 

272.  A.  hirsuta,  Muhl.    (Archangelica  hirsntci,  5th  ed.  Man.)    Camp- 
bell's Ledge;  Penobscot  Knob ;  near  Mocanaqua;  Moosic  Lake,  etc. 
Dudley. 

273.  A.  atropurpurea,  L.    (Archangelica  atropurpurca,  5th  ed.  Man.) 
Near  pond  in  lower  Lackawanna  Valley ;  near  Pittston.     Dudley. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  25 

HERACLEUM,  L. 
COW-PARSNIP. 

274.  H.  lanatum,  Michx.     Frequent  near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

PASTINACA,  L. 

275.  P.  SATIVA,  L.    WILD  PARSNIP.     The  cultivated  species  run  wild, 
then  somewhat  poisonous.     Frequent. 

PIMPINELLA,   L. 

276.  P.  integerrima,  Benth.  &  Hook.    (Zizia  of  5th  ed.  Man.)    Above 
Dunmore ;  Mountain  Inn  Road.    Dudley.    Wilkes-Barre  Mt.    Thurs- 
ton. 

CRYPTOT/ENIA,  DC. 

277.  C.  Canadensis,  DC.     HONEWORT.     Not  uncommon.     Dudley. 

SILIM,  TOURN. 
WATER  PARSNIP. 

278.  S.  cicutaefolium,  Gmelin.     (S.  linearc,  Man.  5th  ed  )     Kings- 
ton "Pond  Holes."      Thurston. 

ZIZIA,  KOCH. 

279.  Z.  cordata,  DC.     (Thaspium  trifoliatum  var.  aptcrum,  Gray.) 
Not  rare  in  the  lower  Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  Valleys ;  Camp- 
bell's Ledge  ;  Mocanaqua  ;  Luzerne  ;  Tilbury  Knob,  etc. 

CARUM,  L. 

280.  C.  CARUI,  L.  CARAWAY.     Often  by  roadsides ;  in  herb,  of  R.  N. 
Davis. 

CICUTA,  L. 

281.  C.  maculata,  L.     Frequent  in  swamps. 

282.  C.  bulbifera,  L.     Lehigh  Pond ;  Lake  Henry.     Dudley.    Kings- 
ton "Pond  Holes;"  in  herb.      Thurston. 

CONIUM,  L. 

POISON  HEMLOCK. 

283.  C.  MACULATUM,  L.     Rather  frequent  in  waste  places;  in  herb,  of 
R.  N.  Davis. 


26  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

CH/EROPHYLLUM,  L 

284.  C.   procumbens,    Crantz.     Abundant  by  river  near    Kingston. 
Thurston. 

OSMORRHIZA,  RAF. 
SWEET  CICELY. 

285.  O.   brevistylis,    DC.     HAIRY   S.    C.     Lynn,  in  herb.     Davis. 
Mountain  Inn  Road.    Dudley.    Frequent  about  Kingston.    Thurston. 

286.  O.  longistylis,  DC.    SMOOTH  S.  C.    Near  Kingston.    Thurston. 

HYDROCOTYLE,   TOURN. 

287.  H.  Americana,  L..    Above  Dunmore ;  Nay  Aug;  Lehigh  Pond. 
Dudley.     Rather  common  in  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

SANICULA,  TOURN. 

288.  S.  Marylandica,  L.     Frequent  throughout;  also  its  var.  Cana- 
densis,  Torr.     (S.  Canadensis,  Man.  5th  ed.) 


42.  ARALIACE^E. 

ARALIA,  TOURN. 

289.  A.  racemosa,  L.     SPIKENARD.     WHITKROOT.     Slocum's  Hill. 
Miss  Carlson.     Ashley  Planes.      Thurston.     Common  about  Arch- 
bald.     Davis.     Near  Campbell's  Ledge ;   Lake    Henry ;    Mountain 
Inn  Road.     Dudley. 

290.  A.   hispida,   Vent.     BRISTLY    SARSAPARILLA.     Common    near 
Archibald.    Davis.     Common  on  barren  ledges  near  Gouldsboro,  and 
rocky  slopes  of  mountains  generally.     Dudley. 

291.  A.  nudicaulis,  L.     WILD  S.     Frequent  throughout. 

292.  A.  quinquefolia,  Decsne.  &  Planch.     GINSKN<;.     Near  Clark's 
Green.     N.  S.  Davis.     Ararat  Mt.     Dudley. 

293.  A.  trifolia,  Decsne.  &   Planch.     GROUND-NUT.     DWARF   GIN- 
SENG.    Common    about   Archbald.     Davis.     Abundant  near   Moss1 
Swamp,  two  miles  N.  of  Luzerne.     Harry  Camp. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 


43.  CORKAGES. 

CORNUS,  TOURN. 
CORNEL.     DOGWOOD. 

294.  C.    Canadensis,    L.     BUNCH-BERRY.     Abundant   near   Moosic 
Mt.    Mrs.  Buell.     Plainsville,  in  herb.    Davis.     Near  Moosic  Lake ; 
head  of  Little  Roaring  Brook.     Dudley.     Near  Lehman,  in  herb. 
Miss  May  Whiteman. 

295.  C.  florida,  L.     FLOWERING  DOGWOOD.     Frequent  in  woods. 

296.  C.  circinata,  L'Her.     Elk  Hills;  Campbell's  Ledge ;   Bald  Mt. 
Dudley.     Kingston;  Wilkes-Barre  Mt.      Thurston. 

297.  C.  sericea,  L.     SILKY  CORNEL.     Frequent  in  low  thickets. 

298.  C.  stolonifera,  Michx.     RED  OSIER.     Wet  places;  common. 

299.  C.  paniculata,  L'Her.     Near   Archibald.     Davis.     Near  Pitts- 
ton  Park.     Miss  Carlson.     Duryea;  Pocono  Summit.     Dudley. 

300.  C.  alternifolia,  L.     Frequent. 

NYSSA,  L. 

PEPPER IDGE. 

301.  N.  sylvatica,  Marsh.     (N.  multiflora,  5th  ed.  Man.)     Frequent 
in  rocky  wroods ;  rarely  in  the  valley  bottoms.     Dudley. 


44.    CAPRIFOLIACE^. 

SAMBUCUS,  TOURN. 

302.  S.  Canadensis,  L.    BLACK-BERRIED  ELDER.    Common.   Abun- 
dant in  moist  waste  ground  about  Kingston. 

303.  S.  racemosa,  L.     RED-BERRIED  ELDER.     Frequent. 

VIBURNUM,  L. 

ARROW-WOOD. 

304.  V.  lantanoides,  Michx.     HOBBLE  BUSH.     Near  Archbald  "pot- 
hole;" Lehigh  P.;  L.  Henry;  Mountain  Inn  road.    Dudley.    Above 
Luzerne.      T hurst  on. 

305.  V.   acerifolium,    L.     MAPLE-LEAVED   V.     Frequent  in   upland 
woods. 


28  LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 


306.  V.  pubescens,  PURSH.     Elk  Mountain.     Dudley. 

307.  V.  dentatum,  L.     Frequent  in  low  ground. 

308.  V.  cassinoides,  L.  (  V.  nudum,  var.  cassinoides,  Man.  5th  ed.) 
WITHE-ROD.     Head   of  Little    Roaring   Brook ;  in  swamps  about 
Gouldsboro ;  Moosic  Lake ;  Pocono  Summit ;  common  near  L.  Henry. 
Dudley. 

309.  V.  Lentago,  L.     SWEET  V.     Common. 

TRIOSTEUM,  L. 
HORSE-GENTIAN. 

310.  T.  perfoliatum,  L.     Near  Peckville,  by  gravity  track  ;  Clark's 
Green.     Davis.     Along  Huntsville  Creek.      Thurston. 

LINN/EA,  GRONOV. 
TWIN-FLOWER. 

311.  L.  borealis,  L.     (The  favorite  plant  of  the  immortal  Linnreus, 
and   named    for   him.)     Near    Dunmore   Cemetery ;    scarce.     Mrs. 
Bucll.     "Found  in  Sullivan,  Lycoming  and  Tioga  counties."     Prof. 
Porter. 

LONICERA,  L, 
HONEYSUCKLE. 

312.  L.  ciliata,  Muhl.     FLY-HONEYSUCKLE.     On  the  Pocono.    Prof. 
Porter.     Above  Luzerne.      Thurston.     Green  Ridge.     Airs.  Beeber. 
Elk  Mt.;  Campbell's  Ledge ;  Nay  Aug.     Dudley. 

313.  L.  caerulea,  L.     MOUNTAIN  F.     First  found  in  Pennsylvania  at 
Naomi  Pines,  June,  '89,  by  Prof.  Porter. 

314.  L.  glauca,  Hill.    (L.pai-vijlora,  Lam.,  5th  ed.  Man.)    Frequent. 

DIERVILLA,  TOURN. 

315.  D.  trifida,  Moench.     BUSH-HONEYSUCKLE.     Frequent. 
D.  JAPONICA.     (WEIGKLA.)     Cultivated. 

45.  RUBIACE^:. 

HOUSTONIA,  L. 

316.  H.  caerulea,  L.    BLUETS.    INNOCENCE.    WILD  FORGET-ME-NOT. 
Common. 

317.  H.  purpurea,  L.    Var.  longifolia,  Gray.    Tilbury  Knob.     Thurs- 


LACK A  WANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLOE  A.  29 

CEPHALANTHUS,  L. 

318.  C.  occidentalis,  L.     BUTTON-BUSH.     Frequent  in  marshes,  etc. 

MITCH  ELLA,  L. 

319.  M.  repens,  L.     PARTRIDGE-BERRY.     Frequent. 

GALIUM,  L. 
BEDSTRAW. 

320.  G.  Aparine,  L.     CLEAVERS.     Near  Campbell's  Ledge.    Dudley. 
Opp.    Pittston    Park.      Miss   Carlson.      Not   rare    about    Kingston. 
Thurston. 

321.  G.  pilosum,  Ait.     Opp.  Pittston    Park.     Miss    Carlson.     Scott 
Township  road ;  Campbell's  Ledge ;  Peat  Swamp  near  Gouldsboro. 
Dudley. 

322.  G.  circsezans,  Michx.     Frequent. 

323.  G.  lanceolatum,  Torr.     Frequent. 

324.  G.  trifidum,  L.     SMALL   BEDSTRAW.     Lehigh   Pcnd ;    Pocono 
Summit.     Dttdley. 

325.  G.  asprellum,  Michx.     Wyoming  Swamp;  near  Lehigh  Pond. 
Dudley.     Not  rare  in  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

326.  G.  triflorum,  Michx.     SWEET  BEDSTRAW.     Campbell's  Ledge  ; 
Mountain  Inn  road  ;  Lehigh  Pond  ;  Lake  Henry;  Duryea.    Dudley. 

46.  DIPSACE^:. 

DIPSACUS,  TOURN. 
TEASEL. 

327.  D.  SYLVESTRIS,  Mill.     N.  of  Taylorville,  apparently  not  common. 
Dudley.     Sent  me  from  Herrick  by  J.  L.  Camp.      Thurston. 

47.  COMPOSITE. 

VERNONIA,  SCHREB. 

328.  V.  Noveboracensis,   Willd.     IRON-WEED.     Opposite    Duryea, 
near   the   pond.     Dudley.      Common   in   swamps    about    Kingston. 
Thurston. 


30  LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 

EUPATORIUM,  TOURN. 

329.  E.  purpureum,  L.  JOE-PYE  WEED.     Frequent. 

330.  E.  sessilifolium,  L.     Near  Wyoming.     Dudley. 

331.  E.  perfoliatum,  L.     BONESET.     Frequent. 

332.  E.  ageratoides,  L.     WHITE  SNAKE-ROOT.     Frequent  in  rich 
woods. 

SOLIDAGO,  L.  GOLDEN-ROD 

333.  S.  squarrosa,  Muhl.       Near  Campbell's  Ledge;    west  side  of 
Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley.     Wilkes-Barre  Mt.      Thurston. 

334.  S.  caesia,  L.     Frequent. 

335.  S.  latifolia,    L.     Mountain    Inn   road;    Solomon's    Gap,    S.   of 
Wilkes-Barre.     Dudley.     Above  Luzerne.      Thurston. 

336.  S.  bicolcr,   L.       Frequent.      Var.    concolor,    Torr.    &    Gray. 
Woods  at  foot  of  Campbell's  Ledge  ;    Penobscct  Knob.     Dudley. 
Wilkes-Barre  Mt.      Thurston. 

337-   S.  puberula,  Nutt.     Mountains  S.  E.  of  Wilkes-Barre,  in  herb; 
Bald  Mt.;  near  Solomon's  Gap ;  abundant  but  local.     Dudley. 

338.  S.  uliginosa,  Nutt.     (S.  stricta,  5th  ed.  Man.)     Near  Lehigh 
Pond.     Dudley. 

339.  S.  odora,  Ait.      SWEET-SCENTED  GOLDEN-ROD.     Frequent  in 
rocky  soil  on  the  mountains. 

340.  S.  rugosa,  Mill.     (S.  altissima,  5th  ed.  Man.)     Frequent  in  both 
valleys. 

341.  S.  ulmifolia,  Muhl,     WToods  near  Campbell's  Ledge.     Dudley. 

342.  S.  neglecta,  Torr.  &  Gray.         "Near  Pocono  station,  D.  L.  & 
W.  R.  R.,  1869."     Prof.  Porter. 

343.  S.  arguta,  Ait.    (S.  Muhlenbergii.  Man.  5th  ed.)    Frequent  on  the 
mountains.     Dudley. 

344.  S.  juncea,  Ait.     (S.  arguta t  Man.  5th  ed.)     Common.     Dudley. 

345.  S.  serotina,  Ait.     (S.gigantea,  Man.  5th  ed.)     Common  in  Wy- 
oming and  lower  Lackawanna  Valleys.     Dudley. 

346.  S.  Canadensis,  L.     Common. 

347.  S.  nemoralis,  Ait.     Frequent.     Abundant  about  Kingston. 

348.  S.  lanceolata,  L.     Frequent. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  31 

SERICOCARPUS,  NEES. 

349.  S.  conyzoides,  Nees.     WHITE-TOPPED  ASTER.     Wilkes-Barre 
Mt.;    Campbell's    Ledge;    Mocanaqua.    .Dudley.      Near    Kingston. 
Thurston. 

ASTER,  L. 

350.  A.  corymbosus,  Ait.     Common. 

351.  A.  macrophyllus,  L.     Frequent  throughout,  in  moist  woods. 

352.  A.  radula,  Ait.     Mentioned  in  the  Manual,  p.  257,  as  having 
been  found  on  Pocono  Mt. 

353.  A.  Novae-Anglise,  L.     Not  abundant,  but  well  distributed  over 
lower  Lacka wanna  and  Wyoming  Valleys. 

354.  A.  patens,  Ait.    Frequent  along  mountain  roads  and  on  dry  banks. 

355.  A.  undulatus,  L.     Frequent  in  mountain  roads. 

356.  A.  cordifolius,  L.     Common. 

357.  A.  laevis,  L.     Lower  Lackawanna  Valley  and  elsewhere.     Dud- 
Icy.     Wilkes-Barre  Mt.;  abundant.      Thurston. 

358.  A.  concinnus,  Willd.     Penobscot  Knob;  along  the  R.  R.  above 
Solomon's  Gap ;  Fairview ;  local  but  abundant.     Dudley. 

359.  A.  ericoides,  L.     Lower  Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  Valleys. 

360.  A.  vimineus,  Lam.     (A.  Tradescanti,  Man.  5th  ed.)     Bald  Mt. 
probably  frequent.     Dudley. 

361.  A.  diffusus,  Ait.     (A.  miser,  Man.  5th  ed.)      Frequent. 

362.  A.  paniculatus,  Lam.   (A.  simplex,  Man.  5th  ed.)     Near  Wy- 
oming, Kingston,  and  in  lower  Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley. 

363.  A.  prenanthoides,  Muhl.     Near  Waymart;  by  brook,  E.  from 
Ararat  station.     Dudley.    Toby's  Creek,  above  Luzerne.     Thurston. 

364.  A.  puniceus,   L.     Low  grounds    E.    of  Wilkes-Barre ;     along 
Black  Creek;  a  snooth   form  in   Spring  Swamp,  Pocono   Summit. 
Dudley. 

365.  A.  umbellatus,  Mill.     {Diplopappus  unibellalits,  5th  ed.  Man.) 
Woods  above  Dunmore  ;  by  road  E.  of  Paupack  crossing,  E.  &  W. 
R.  R.     Dudley. 

366.  A.  infirmus,  Michx.     {Diplopappus  cornifollus,  5th  ed.  Man.) 
Ledges   along   Mountain    Inn   road,    in    herb.;    Campbell's    Ledge ; 
Ledges  above  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 


32  LACKA  WANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 

367.  A.  linariifolius,   L.     (Diplopapptis  linariifolius,  5th  ed.  Man.) 
Frequent  on  mountain  declivities. 

368.  A.   acuminatus,    Michx.     Frequent  in   ravines   and   mountain 
woods. 

ERIGERON,  L. 
FLEABANE. 

369.  E.  Canadensis,  L.     HORSE-WEED.     Abundant. 

370.  E.  annuus,  Pers.     TALL  DAISY.     Frequent. 

371.  E.  strigosus,  Muhl.     DAISY  FLEABANE.     Frequent. 

372.  E.  bellidifolius,  Muhl.   ROBIN'S  PLANTAIN.   Abundant  in  Wyo- 
ming Valley. 

373.  E.  Philadelphicus,  L.     PINK  FLEABANE.     Not  rare   in  Wyo- 
ming Valley. 

ANTENNARIA,  GAERTN. 

374.  A.   plantaginifolia,   Hook.     PLANTAIN-LEAVED  EVERLASTING. 
Frequent  in  pastures. 

ANAPHALIS,  DC. 

375.  A.  margaritacea,  Benth.  &  Hook.     (Antennaria  margaritacea, 
Man.,  5th  ed.)     PEARLY  EVERLASTING.     Frequent. 

GNAPHALIUM,  L. 

CUDWEED. 

376.  G.  polycephalum,  Michx.     Frequent  in  mountain  woods. 

377.  G.  decurrens,  Ives.     COMMON  EVERLASTING.     Tobyhanna,  '81, 
and  Moosic  Lake,  '84.     Prof.  Porter. 

378.  G.  uliginosum,  L.     Low  CUDWEED.     Frequent. 

INULA,   L. 
ELECAMPANE. 

379.  I.  HELENIUM,  L.     Below  Lackawanna  Station,  on  L.  &  B.  R.  R.; 
near  D'alton.     Dudley.     Near  Lehman.      Thurston. 

POLYMNIA,  L. 
LEAF- CUP. 

380.  P.  Canadensis,  L.    In  rocky  woods  near  the  road  by  Campbell's 
Ledge ;  apparently  scarce  in  Pennsylvania,  Prof.  Porter  reporting  it 
only  from  the  southeastern  part  of  the  State,  at  two  stations.    Dudley. 


LACK  AW  ANN  A  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 


AMBROSIA,  TOURN. 
RAGWEED. 

381.  A.  trifida,  L.     GREAT  R.     Along  the  Susquehanna  River;  near 
Scranton.     Dudley.     Abundant  about  the  "Pond  Holes"  and  along 
the  river.     Thurston. 

382.  A.  artemisiaefolia,  L.     Common. 

XANTHIUM,  TOURN. 

383.  X.  Canadense,  Mill.     COCKLEBUR.     Susquehanna  river  banks; 
waste  places  in  Wyoming  Valley. 

HELIOPSIS,  PERS. 

384.  H.  laevis,  Pers.     OX-EYE.     Near  mouth  of  Lackawanna  River. 
Dudley.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

RUDBECKIA,   L. 
CONE-FLOWER. 

385.  R.  laciniata,  L.     Near  Atherton's  Pond.     Dudley.     Abundant 
in  low  waste  ground  near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

386.  R.  hirta,  L.     YELLOW  DAISY.     CONE-FLOWER.     Common. 

HELIANTHUS,  L.    SUNFLOWER. 

387.  H.  annuus,  L.     COMMON  S.     Cultivated;  occasional  on  waste 
ground  about  towns. 

388.  H.  giganteus,  L.      Lower    Lackawanna   Valley ;    Mocanaqua. 
Dudley. 

389.  H.  parviflorus,  Bernh.     E.  of  Penobscot  Knob.     Dudley. 

390.  H.  divaricatus,  L.     Frequent  on  the  mountains. 

391.  H.  decapetalus,  L.     Lower  Lackawanna  Valley ;  Mocanaqua. 
Dudley. 

392.  H.  tuberosus,  L.     JERUSALEM  ARTICHOKE.     By   railroad  be- 
tween Pittston  and  Campbell's  Ledge ;  abundant  along  the  river  and 
by  the  "Pond  Holes"  about  Kingston. 


IM  LACKA  WANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 

394.  B.  connata,  Muhl.     Bog  above  Taylorville,  etc.     Dudley. 

395.  B.  cernua,  L.     Near  the  pond  opposite  Duryea.     Dudley. 

396.  B.  chrysanthemoides,  Michx.     Common. 

GALINSOGA,  Ruiz  &  PAVON. 

397.  G.  PARVIFLORA,  Cav.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

HELENIUM,  L. 

SNEEZE- WEED. 

398.  H.  autumnale,  L.     Mouth  of  Lackawanna  River ;  near  Kings- 
ton.     Thurston. 

ANTHEMIS,  L. 
CHAMOMILE. 

399.  A.  COTULA,  DC.     MAYWEED.     Common. 

A.  NOBILIS,  L.     GARDEN  C.     Cultivated  in  old  gardens. 

ACHILLEA,  L. 

YARROW. 

400.  A.  Millefolium,  L.     Common. 

CHRYSANTHEMUM,  TOURN. 

401.  C.  LEUCANTHEMUM,  L.     OX-EYE  DAISY.     A  common  weed  from 
Europe. 

TANACETUM,  L. 

402.  T.  VUI.GARE,  L.     TANSY.     Common. 

SENECIO,  TOURN. 

403.  S.  VULGARIS,  L.     Jefferson  ave.,  Scranton.     Dudley. 

404.  S.   aureus,    L.     Near    Kingston.      Thurston.     Var.    obovatus, 
Torr.  &  Gray.     Red  shales  of  river  mountains.      Dud  lev. 

ERECHTITES,  RAF. 

FlREWEED. 

405.  E.  hieracifolia,  Raf.     Common,  especially  in  clearings  on  moun- 
tains. 

ARCTIUM,  L. 

406.  A.  LAPPA,  L.     Common. 


LACK  A  WANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  35 


CNICUS,  TOURN. 
THISTLE. 

407.  C.  LANCEOLATUS,  Hoffm.     Common. 

408.  C.  altissimus,  Willd.    Var.  discolor,  Gray.     Frequent  in  lower 
Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  Valleys. 

409.  C.  pumilus,  Torr.    PASTURE  T.     Tobyhanna  Mills  and  Pocono 
Station.     Prof.  Porter.     Campbell's  Ledge ;  Scott  Township  road. 
Dudley. 

410.  C.  ARVENSIS,  Hoffm.    CANADA  THISTLE.    Occasional  throughout. 

KRIGIA,    SCHREBER. 

DWARF  DANDELION. 

411.  K.  Virginica,  Willd.     Abundant  on  dry  knolls  about  Kingston. 

Thurston. 

HIERACIUM,  TOURN. 

HAWKWEED. 

412.  H.  AURANTIACUM,  L.     By  R.  R.  above  Kingston,  '91.    Thurston. 

413.  H.  Canadense,  Michx.     Woods,  occasional. 

414.  H.  paniculatum,  L.     Frequent. 

415.  H.  venosum,  L.     RATTLESNAKE  HAWKWEED.     Frequent. 

416.  H.  scabrum,  Michx.    In  woods.    The  slender  form  approaching 
H.   Marianum,  occurs   along   Mountain    Inn  road;  on  Penobscot 
Knob,  and  elsewhere.     Dudley. 

PRENANTHES,  VAILL. 

417.  P.  alba,   L.     Mountain  Inn  road ;  Bald  Mountain  woods;  com- 
mon.    Dudley. 

418.  P.  serpentaria,  Pursh.    Mountain  woods;  frequent.    Var.  nana, 
Gray.     Top  of  Penobscot  Knob.     Dudley. 

419.  P.  altissima,  L.    Tobyhanna  Mills.    Prof.  Porter.    Near  Kings- 
ton.     Thurston. 

TARAXACUM,  HALLER. 

420.  T.  OFFICINALE,  Weber.     DANDELION.     Common. 

LACTUCA,   TOURN. 
LETTUCE. 

421.  L.  Canadensis,  L.     WILD  LETTUCE.     Ledge  near  Keyser  Val- 
ley ;   Pocono  Summit.     Dudley.     Kingston.      Thurston. 


36  LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 

422.  L.  integrifolia,   Bigel.     (L.   Canadensis,  var.  integrifolia,  5th 
ed.,  Man.)     Near  Kingston,  in  herb.      Ttmrston. 

423.  L.  acuminata,  Gray.     Near  Kingston.     Thurston. 

424.  L.  leucophaea,  Gray.     Abundant  in  the  lower  Lackawanna  Val- 
ley.    Dudley.     Not  rare  about  Kingston.      Thurston. 

SONCHUS,   L. 

SOW-THISTLE. 

425.  S.  OLERACEUS,  L.     Ledge  near  Keyser  Valley ;  Scranton  streets. 
Dudley. 

426.  S.  ASPER,  Vill.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

48.    LOBELIACE^E. 

LOBELIA,   L. 

427.  L.  cardinalis,  L.     CARDINAL-FLOWER.     Roaring  Brook.     Mrs. 
Buell.     Wyoming ;  above  Luzerne.      Thurston.     Outlet   of  Lehigh 
Pond.     Dudley,     l^ewton  Lake;  Dundaff;  South    Canaan,  Wayne 
Co.     Graves. 

428.  L.   syphilitica,    L.     GREAT   BLUE   L.     On  red  shales   along 
Mountain  Inn  road.     Dudley.     Near  Kingston.     Mrs.  J.  H.  Race. 

429.  L.  spicata,  Lam.     Common. 

430.  L.  inflata,  L.     INDIAN  TOBACCO.     Common. 

49.    CAMPANULACE^:. 

SPECULARIA,   HEISTER. 

431.  S.  perfoliata,  A.  DC.     Common  in  fields. 

CAMPANULA,   TOURN 

432.  C.  rotundifolia,  L.    HAREBELL.    Campbell's  Ledge ;  Penobscot 
Knob.      Dudley. 

433.  C.  aparinoides,  Pursh.     MARSH   BE LLF LOWER.     Marsh  above 
Gouldsboro.     Dudley.     Above    Mocanaqua.      Graves.     Near    Leh- 
man.     Thurston. 

434.  C.  Americana,  L.    TALL  BKLLFLOWKR.    By  Woodward  Breaker, 
near  Kingston.      71iurston. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  37 

50.  ERICACEAE. 

GAYLUSSACIA,  HBK. 

HUCKLEBERRY. 

435.  G.   resinosa,   Torr.   &   Gray.      BLACK    HUCKLEBERRY.      Dry 
woods. 

436.  G.  frondosa,  Torr.   &  Gray.      DANGLEBERRY.      Pocono  Sta.; 
Moosic  L.     Prof.  Porter. 

VACCINIUM,   L. 

437.  V.  stamineum,   L.     DEERBERRY.     Frequent,   dry   woods   and 
mountain  tops. 

438.  V.  Pennsylvanicum,  Lam.     DWARF  BLUEBERRY.     Common. 
Var.  nigrum,  leaves  darker;  thicker  than  in   the    type;  glaucous, 
serrulate ;  berries  large,  black ;  occurs  with  the  type  on  Bald  Moun- 
tain summit,  and  summit  of  Penobscot  Knob.     Dudley. 

439.  V.   Canadense,   Kalm.     CANADA   BLUEBERRY.     Lehigh   P.; 
Sphagnum  Sw.  above  Gouldsboro ;  near  its  southern  limit.     Dudley. 

440.  V.  vacillans,  Soland.     Frequent  in  dry  woods. 

441.  V.   corymbosum,   L.     SWAMP  BLUEBERRY.     The   round  bog 
above  Taylorville  ;  near  pond  opposite   Duryea ;  Atherton's  Pond  ; 
all  mountain  marshes  and  streams.     Dudley. 

442.  V.  Oxycoccus,  L.     SMALLER  CRANBERRY.     Near  Tobyhanna, 
1 88 1.     Prof.  Porter.     Dudley,  1890.     Lehigh  P.;  L.  Henry  ;    Ath- 
erton's P.;  Sink  Hole  Marsh,  Ararat;  near  its  southern  limit.    Dudley. 

443.  V.  macrocapon,  Ait.     AMERICAN  CRANBERRY.     L.  Ariel  and 
Maplewood.     Miss    Carlson.     Atherton's    P.,    Dalton ;     L.   Henry ; 
Moosic    L.;    Lehigh    Pond.     Dudley.     Centre    county  its    southern 
limit.     Prof.  Porter. 

CHIOGENES,  SALSB. 
CREEPING  SNOWBERRY. 

444.  C.  serpyllifolia,  Salisb.     (C.  hispidula,  T.  &  G.)     Near  Toby- 
hanna, 1881.     Prof.  Porter.     Near  the  big  springs  south  of  Pocono 
Summit.     Douglass  Green  and  Dudley. 

EPIG/EA,   L. 

TRAILING  ARBUTUS. 

445.  E.  repens,  L.     Frequent  throughout. 


38  LACKA  WANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 

GAULTHERIA,  KALM. 

WlNTERGREEN.      TEABERRY. 

446.  G.  procumbens,  L.     Common. 

ANDROMEDA,   L. 

447.  A.  polifolia,  L.     Ararat  marsh;  Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley.     Near 
its  southern  limit.     Prof.  Porter. 

448.  A.  ligustrina,  Muhl.     Damp  places,  mountain  woods  and  pas- 
tures ;  a  characteristic  shrub'of  the  region  ;  L.  Henry  ;  Lehigh  Pond. 
Dudley. 

CASSANDRA,   DON. 

LEATHER-LEAF. 

449.  C.    calyculata,    Don.     Marsh  north  of  Taylorville ;  Atherton's 
Pond,  Dalton ;  Ararat  Marsh;  source  of  Little  Roaring  Brook;   Le- 
high Pond ;  Marsh  above  Gouldsboro ;  L.  Henry ;  Moosic  L.    Dudley. 
Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

KALMIA,  L. 
AMERICAN  LAUREL. 

450.  K.  latifolia,  L.     MOUNTAIN  LAUREL.     Frequent. 

451.  K.  angustifolia,  L.     SHEEP  LAUREL.     An  abundant  and  char- 
acteristic plant  of  Lackawanna  Valley. 

452.  K.  glauca,  Ait.     PALE  LAUREL.     Ararat  Sinkhole  Marsh;  L. 
Henry;  Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley.     Near   its   southern   limit.     Prof. 
Porter. 

RHODODENDRON,  L. 

453.  R.    viscosum,  Torr.     {Azalea   viscosa,   L.)     CLAMMY   WHITE 
AZALEA.     Exeter   Swamp,  Pittston.     Miss  Carlson.     On  the  Toby- 
hanna.     Prof.   Porter.     Pocono  Summit.     Dudley.     Lehigh    Pond. 
Maggie  Schimpf.    All  the  forms  noticed  belong  to  var.  glaucum,  Gray. 

454.  R.  nudiflorum,  Torr.    (A.  nudiflora,  L.)    PINK  AZALEA.    Com- 
mon. 

455.  R.  canescens  (Michx),  Porter.    {Azalea  canescens,  Michx.  Flora, 
I.,  p.  150,  1803.)     In  the  Bulletin  Torr.  Botan.  Club,  XVI.  (1889), 
p.  220,  Prof.  Porter  restores  this  old  species,  merged  by  Gray  under 
R.  ttudiflorum.     He  includes  here   a  form  having  flowers  a  bright 
rose-color  with  a  short  corolla  tube,  and  leaves  paler  and  tomentose- 
pubescent.     It  was  found  by  Prof.  Porter  on  the  Pocono  ;  by  myself 
on  Bald  Mt.,  and  occurs  southwardly  along  the  mountains.     Dudley. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  39 

456.  R.    Rhodora,    Don.      (Rhodora    canadensis,    L.)       RHODORA. 
Abundant  on  the   Pocono;  near  its  southern  limit.     Prof.    Porter. 
Mountains  N.  E.  of  Dunmore ;  Moosic  L. ;  Reservoir  L.  east  of  Glen 
Summit,  etc.     Diidley. 

457.  R.  maximum,  L.    BIG  LAUREL.    Along  all  the  streams  descend- 
ing from  the  mountains ;  on  the  Lackawanna  R.;  in  the  evergreen  for- 
ests on  the  Pocono — a  splendid  plant. 

[Menziesia  globularis  Salisb.,  a  southern  plant,  is  found  sparingly  in 
N.  E.  Penn.  according  to  Prof.  Porter.     Not  seen  within  limits.] 

LEDUM,  L. 

LABRADOR  TEA. 

458.  L.  latifolium,  Ait.     Lehigh  Pond  Marsh,  1886;  above  Goulds- 
boro  near  railroad,  1886.     Dudley.     On  the  Tunkhanna;  at  Naomi 
Pines.     Porter.     Near  its  southern  limit.     The  above  stations  the 
only  ones  reported  from  Pennsylvania.     Porter. 

CHIMAPHILA,    PURSH. 
PRINCE'S  PINE. 

459.  C.  umbellata,  Nutt.     Not  rare. 

460.  C.  maculata,  Pursh.     SPOTTED  PRINCE'S  PINE.     Luzerne,  etc., 
not  rare.      Thurston. 

MONESES,    SALISB. 

M.  grandiflora,  Salisb.  (M.  uniflora,  Gray.)  Collected  in 
Susquehanna  Co.  by  the  elder  Canby,  the  specimen  being  in  Prof. 
Porter's  herbarium.  Not  collected  since. 

PYROLA,  TOURN. 
FALSE  WINTERGREEN. 

461.  P.  secunda,  L.     Wilkes-Barre  Mt.,  in  herb.      Thurston. 

462.  P.  elliptica,  Nutt.     SHIN-LEAF.     Frequent. 

463.  P.  rotundifolia,  L.     Near  Duryea;  Campbell's   Ledge  woods; 
Mountain  Inn  road,  and  elsewhere.     Dudley. 

MONOTROPA,   L. 

464.  M.   uniflora,  L.     INDIAN  PIPE.     Apparently  widely  distributed, 
and  rather  common  in  both  valleys. 

465.  M.    Hypopitys,    L.     PiNE-SAP.     Kingston.      Thurston.     Near 
Lynn,  Susquehanna  Co.,  apparently  rare.     Davis. 


1)  LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 


51.  PRIMULACE^;. 

TRIENTALIS,  L. 

466.  T.  Americana,  Pursh.    STAR-FLOWER.     Head  of  Little  Roaring 
Brook ;  Scott  township  road.     Dudley.     Near  Green  Ridge.     Mrs. 
Beeber.      Harvey's   Lake.      Thurston.     Common    about   Archbald. 
Davis. 

STEIRONEMA,  RAF. 

467.  S.  ciliatum,  Raf.     Near  mouth  of  Lackawanna  River.     Dudley. 
Near  Kingston,  in  herb.      Thurston. 

LYSIMACHIA,   TOURN. 

468.  L.  quadrifolia,  L.     Common  in  thickets  and  mountain  woods. 

469.  L.  stricta,  Ait.     Common  on  margins  of  standing  water. 

470.  L.    thyrsiflora,    L.     Wyoming    Swamp ;  Lake    Henry,   on    the 
islands.     Dudley.     Lake  Ariel  and  Maplewood.     Miss  Carlson. 

52.  OLEACE^E. 

FRAXINUS,  TOURN. 
ASH. 

471.  F.   Americana,   L.     WHITE  ASH.     Frequent  in  lower  Lacka- 
wanna Valley ;   Keyser  Valley.     Dudley.     Occasional.     Davis. 

472.  F.    pubescens,    Lam.     RED   ASH.     Near  Kingston,  by  "Pond 
Holes."     Dudley. 

473.  F.  sambucifolia,    Lam.       BLACK    ASH.      By   the    river    below 
Scranton.     Dudley.     Occasional.     Davis. 

53.  APOCYNACE^:. 

APOCYNUM,  TOURN. 

474.  A.  androsaemifolium,  L.     Common. 

475.  A.  cannabium,  L.     INDIAN  HEMP.     Rather  common  in  lower 
Lackawanna  and  Wyoming  Valleys. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  41 


54.  ASCLEPIADACE^E. 

ASCLEPIAS,  L. 

MILKWEED. 

476.  A.  tuberosa,  L.     Near  Coxton. 

477.  A.  incarnata,  L.     SWAMP  M.     Common. 

478.  A.  Cornuti,  Decaisne.     COMMON  M.     Common. 

479.  A.  obtusifolia,  Michx.    Sandy  ground  W.  of  Campbell's  Ledge. 
Dudley. 

480.  A.  phytolaccoides,  Pursh.     Common  about  Archbald.     Davis. 
Not  rare  about  Kingston.      Thurston. 

481.  A.  quadrifolia,  L.     Below  Campbell's  Ledge.     Dudley.     Opp. 
Pittston  Park.     Miss   Carlson.     Rather  common  in  dry  woods  about 
Kingston.      Thurston. 

482.  A.  verticillata,  L.     Campbell's  Ledge.     Dudley. 

55.  GENTIANACE^E. 

GENTIANA,  TOURN. 

483.  G.  crinita,  Froel.     FRINGED  GENTIAN.     In  Scott,  on  the  moun- 
tains five  miles  from  Scran  ton.    Mrs.  Buellvx\&  Mrs.  Bceber.    Camp- 
bell's Ledge.    Miss  M.  Jackson.    Plymouth  ;  hills  back  of  Kingston ; 
Wilkes-Barre  Mt.      Thurston.     E.  and  N.  of  Fairview;  red  shales 
of  the  Mountain  Inn  road,  in  herb.     Dudley. 

484.  G.  quinqueflora,  Lam.    Rare  in  fields  back  of  Plainsville.  Davis. 
Frequent  at  Fairview  and  northward.    Dudley.    Frequent  on  Wilkes- 
Barre  Mountain.      Thurston. 

485.  G.  Saponaria,  L.     Red  shales  on  Mountain  Inn  road,  in  herb. 
Dtidley. 

486.  G.  Andrewsii,  Griseb.    CLOSED  GENTIAN.    Scott  township  about 
five  miles  from  Scranton.     Mrs.  Buell.     Near  Kingston.     Mrs.  J. 
H.  Race. 

487.  G.  linearis,  Froel.    (G.  saponaria,  var.  linearis,  Gray.)     Pocono 
station    and    Tobyhanna,    '8 1.     Prof.    Porter.     By   tram  road   from 
Gouldsboro  to  Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley. 


42  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

BARTONIA,    MUHL. 

488.  B.  tenella,  Mulil.     Moosic  Lake.     Prof.  Porter.     East  of  Pe- 
nobscot  Knob,  occasional.     Dudley. 

MENYANTHES,  TOURN. 

BUCKBEAN. 

489.  M.  trifoliata.    L.  Lake  Ariel.    Miss  Carlson  and    Miss  Emily 
Johnson.     Lake  Henry;  Moosic  Lake;    Atherlon's  Pond;    Lehigh 
Pond,  in  herb.     Dudley. 

56.    POLEMONIACE/E. 

PHLOX,  L. 

490.  P.  subulata,  L.     Moss  PINK.     Rather  common  on  the  cliffs  of 
the  mountain  sides. 

POLEMONIUM,  TOURN. 

491.  P.  reptans,  L.    One  plant  by  Toby's  Creek,  near  Kingston;  a 
small  bed  by  river  opp.  Forty  Fort.      Jhurston. 

57.    HYDROPHYLLACE^E. 

HYDROPHYLLUM,  TOURN. 

492.  H.  Virginicum,  L.     Elk  Mt.,  north  knob.    Dudley.     Abundant 
near  Kingston,  by  the  river.      Thitrston. 

58.  BORRAGINACE^E. 

CYNOGLOSSUM,   TOURN. 

HOUND'S-TONGUE. 

493.  C.  OFFICINALE,  L.    About  Scranton.    Dudley.    Campbell's  Ledge. 
Thurston. 

494.  E.  Virginicum,  L.     Elk  Mt.,  in  herb.     Graves. 

ECHINOSPERMUM,  LEHM. 

495.  E.    Virginicum,    Lehm.      BEGGAR'S    LICE.      About   Kingston. 
Thurston.       Lower    Lackawanna    Valley;     Duryea;     Shickshinny. 
Dudley. 

496.  E.  LAPPULA,  Lehm.     STICKSEED.     Ledges  near  Keyser  Valley. 
Dudley. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  43 


MERTENSIA,  ROTH. 
LUNGWORT. 

497.  M.    Virginica,    DC.     Carpenter's    Island,  near  Fittston.     Miss 
Carlson.     By   the  river   opposite  Plymouth,  abundant.     Miss  Kate 
Walton.     Along  the  river,  near  Kingston.      TJmrston. 

MYOSOTIS,  DILL. 
FORGET-ME-NOT. 

498.  M.  laxa,  Lehm.     (M.  palustris,  var.  laxa,  Gray.)     The  Forget- 
me-not   of  America.     Kingston   "Pond   Holes."      Tkurston.     Near 
Scranton.     Mrs.  Bttell.     Scott  township  road.     Dudley. 

LITHOSPERMUM,  TOURN. 

499.  L.  ARVENSE,  L.     About  Kingston.     Thurston.     In  herb.    Davis. 
Slocum's  ave.,  W.  Pittston.     Miss  Carlson. 

59.  CONVOLVULACE^:. 

IPOMCEA,  L. 

MORNING  GLORY. 

I.  COCCINEA,  L.     SCARLET  MORNING  GLORY. 
I.  PURPUREA,  Lam.     COMMON  MORNING  GLORY. 
The  two  preceding  cultivated  species. 

CONVOLVULUS,  TOURN. 
BINDWEED. 

500.  C.  sepium,  L.    Rather  common  in  lower  Lackawanna  and  Wyo- 
ming Valleys. 

CUSCUTA,  TOURN. 
DODDER. 

501.  C.  chlorocarpa,  Engelm.     By  the  pond  opp.  Duryea;  on  soli- 
dago  and  a  shrub,  Kingston  Flats ;  and  by  the  river  opp.  the  Pette- 
bone  Breaker.     Dudley. 

502.  C.  Gronovii,  Willd.     Near  Laflin  on  D.  &  H.  R.  R.;  in  herb 
Davis.     Pocono  Summit.     Dtidley.     Common   in  low  ground  near 
Kingston,  Wyoming,  etc.      Thurston. 


44  LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 

60.   SOLANACE^. 

SOLANUM,  TOURN. 

503.  S.    DULCAMARA,    L.      Common.     Davis.      Not    common    about 
Kingston.      Thurston. 

504.  S.  nigrum,  L.     COMMON  NIGHTSHADE.     Frequent  about  streets 
and  waste  ground  of  Kingston.      Thurston. 

PHYSALIS,  L. 
GROUND  CHERRY. 

505.  P.  Virginiana,   Mill.     (P.  vzscosa,   5th  ed.   Man.)     Campbell's 
Ledge;  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 

LYCIUM,  L. 
MATRIMONY- VINE. 

506.  L.  VULGARE,  Dunal.    Beside  the  road  to  Plymouth  below  Kingston. 

DATURA,    L. 

JAMESTOWN-WEED. 

507.  D.  STRAMONIUM,  L.     Not  uncommon  in  waste  ground. 

508.  D.  TATULA,  L.     Waste  ground  near  Kingston.     Thurston. 

61.    SCROPHULARIACE^E. 

VERBASCUM,  L. 

MULLEIN. 

509.  V.  THAPSUS,  L.     COMMON  MULLEIN. 

510.  V.  BLATTARIA,  L.     MOTH  M.     One  plant  by  WTyoming  Station, 
D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.;  in  a  field  on  Pringle  Hill,  near  Kingston,  abun- 
dant.     Thurston. 

LINARIA,  TOURN. 
TOAD-FLAX. 

511.  L.  Canadensis,  Dumont.     Common  around  Archbald.     Davis. 

512.  L.  VULGARIS,  Mill.     BUTTER  AND  EGGS.     Common. 

SCROPHULARIA,  TOURN. 

FlGWORT. 

513.  S.  nodosa,  L.     Var.  Marilandica,  Gray.     Frequent. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  45 


CHELONE,  TOURN. 
TURTLE-HEAD. 

514.  C.   glabra,    L.     Scarce.     Davis.      Common    at   Tompkinsville. 
Graves.     Frequent  in  lower  Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley.     "Pond 
Holes,"  near  Kingston. 

PENTSTEMON,  MITCHELL. 

515.  P.  pubescens,  Solander.     BEARD-TONGUE.     Foot  of  Campbell's 
Ledge  ;  in  herb.    Davis.     W.  Pittston.    Miss  Carlson.     Red  Shales 
near  Mocanaqua.     Dudley.     Abundant  about  Kingston.      Tkurston. 

MIMULUS,  L. 
MONKEY-FLOWER. 

516.  M.  ringens,  L.     Rather  common  in  wet  places  throughout. 

GRATIOLA,   L. 

517.  G.  Virginiana,  L.  Above  breaker  and  falls  at  West  End.  Dudley. 
Wyoming  Swamp.      Thurston. 

ILYSANTHES,  RAF. 

518.  I.    riparia,   Raf.     (7.  gratioloides,  Benth.)     FALSE  PIMPERNEL. 
Tobyhanna  Mills,  '81.    Prof.  Porter.    Kingston  "Flats."     Thurston. 

VERONICA,  L. 

SPEEDWELL. 

519.  V.  Anagallis,  L.     WATER  S.     Along  a  brook  toward  Dalton. 
Dudley. 

520.  V.  Americana,  Schweinitz.    AMERICAN  BROOKLIME.     Near  the 
pond   in   lower    Lackawanna   Valley.       Dudley.      Near    Kingston. 
Thurston.     W.  Pittston.     Miss  Carlson. 

521.  V.    scutellata,    L.      MARSH    SPEEDWELL.      Near   Gouldsboro; 
Lake  Henry ;  Lehigh  Pond.  Dudley.     Kingston,  in  herb.    Tkurston. 

$22.  V.  officinalis,  L.     COMMON  S.     Rather  frequent. 

523.  V.  serpyllifolia,  L.     THYME-LEAVED  S.     Common. 

524.  V.  peregrina,  L.    PURSLANE  S.    Kingston.     Thurston.    Coxton. 
Miss  Carlson. 

525.  V.  ARVENSIS,  L.     CORN  S.     W.  Pittston.     Miss  Carlson.    Kings- 
ton.     Thurston. 


46  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 


GERARDIA,  L. 

526.  G.  pedicularia,   L.     Campbell's  Ledge;   bank   west   of  lower 
Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley. 

527.  G.  flava,  L.     DOWNY  FALSE  FOXGLOVE.     Woods  of  Campbell's  ] 
Ledge,  in  herb.     Davis.     Near  Kingston.      T/iurston. 

528.  G.  quercifolia,  Pursh.     SMOOTH  FALSE  FOXGLOVE.    On  Camp-  , 
bell's  Ledge.     Dudley. 

529.  G.  tenuifolia,  Vahl.     SLENDER  GERARDIA.     Campbell's  Ledge; 
N.  of  Fairview ;    Penobscot  Knob ;  red  shales  of  the  river  moun- 
tains.    Dudley.     Dry  ground  and  cliffs  below  Kingston.      Thurston. 

PEDICULARIS,  TOURN. 

LOUSEWORT. 

530.  P.  Canadensis,  L.     COMMON  L.     Abundant  in  lower  Lacka- 
wanna and  Wyoming  Valleys;  probably  so  elsewhere. 

531.  P.  lanceolata,  Michx.     Slocum's  Summit,  near  Pittston.     Miss 
Carlson. 

MELAMPYRUM,  TOURN. 

COW-WHEAT. 

532.  M.  Americanum,  Michx.    Common.    Campbell's  Ledge  ;  Moun- 
tain Inn  road;  on  river  mountains,  etc. 

62.    OROBANCHACE^E. 

EPIPHEGUS,  NUTT. 

533.  E.  Virginiana,  Bart.     BEECH-DROPS.     Rather  common,  in  herb. 
Davis.      Scott   Township  road.      Dudley.      Near    Harvey's    Lake. 

Thurston. 

APHYLLON,  MITCHELL. 

534.  A.  uniflorum,  Gray.    D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  track,  Winton  to  Green- 
ville.    Graves.     Not  rare  in  Wyoming  Valley,  but  often  overlooked. 

77in.rs/oH.     Opp.  Pittston  Park.     Miss  Carlson. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING   FLORA.  47 

63.  LENTIBULARIACE^E. 

UTRICULARIA,  L. 

BLADDERWORT. 

[35.  U.  vulgaris,  L.     COMMON  B.     Pond  in  lower  Lackawanna  Val- 
ley.    Dudley.     Wyoming  Swamp,  abundant.      Thurston. 

536.  U.  minor,  L.     L.  Henry.     Dudley. 

37.  U.  intermedia,  Hayne.     L.  Henry,  on  floating  islands.    Dudley. 

38.  U.  cornuta,  Michx.     Marsh  about  Lehigh  Pond.     Dttdley. 

64.  ACANTHACE^E. 

DIANTHERA.  GRONOV. 

539.  D.  Americana,  L.     WATER-WILLOW.     Shores  of  the  Susque- 
hanna   near  Mocanaqua;   Pond   opp.   Duryea.     Dudley.     Kingston 
"Pond  Holes"  and  along  the  river,  abundant.      Thurston.     Before  it 
was  found  on  the  upper  Susq.  R.,  in  '86,  Prof.  Porter  quoted  it  only 
from  the  lower  Susquehanna  and  the  Juniata. 

65.  VERBENACE^:. 

VERBENA,  TOURN. 

540.  V.  urticaefolia,  L.     WHITE  VERVAIN.     Frequent 

541.  V.  hastata,  L.     BLUE  VERVAIN.     Common.     An  apparent  hy- 
brid between  the  two  is  found  near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

PHRYMA,  L. 

LOPSEED. 

* 

542.  P.  Leptostachya,  L.     Between  Glenburn  and  Clark's  Summit, 
in  woods  near  turnpike.     Davis. 

66.  LABIATE. 

TRICHOSTEMA,    L. 
BLUE  CURLS. 

543.  T.  dichotomum,  L.    Campbell's  Ledge ;  Duryea.    Dudley.    Not 
uncommon. 


48  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

TEUCRIUM,  TOURN. 

544.  T.  Canadense,  L.     GERMANDER.     Near  Kingston.     Thurston. 
In  herb,  of  Mr.  Davis,  probably  from  near  the  Susquehanna.    Dudley. 

COLLINSONIA,  L 

545.  C.  Canadensis,  L.    HORSE- BALM.    Lower  Lackawanna  Valley ; 
Bald  Mt,  abundant;  toward  L.  Henry.     Dudley.     Rather  common. 

MENTHA,:  TOURN. 
MINT. 

546.  M.  VIRIDIS,  L.     SPEARMINT.     Common. 

547.  M.  PIPERITA,  L.     PEPPERMINT.     Common. 

548.  M.    Canadsnsis,    L.     WILD    MINT.     Along  the  Susquehanna. 
Dudley.     About  Kingston. 

LYCOPUS,  TOURN. 
WATER  HOREHOUND. 

549.  L.   Virginicus,    L.     BUGLE-WEED.     In   herb.     Davis.     About 
Kingston,  probably  common. 

550.  L.  sinuatus,  Ell.     (L.  Europizus^  var.  sinuatus,  5th  ed,  Man.) 
Lower  Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley.     Kingston,  etc. 

CUM  I  LA,  L. 

551.  C.  Mariana,  L.     DITTANY.    Top  of  Campbell's  Ledge,  in  herb.; 
red  shales  of  the  river  mountains.    Dr.  Gray,  in  the  Synoptical  Flora 
of  North  America,  says  it  occurs  "from  southern  New  York  and 
Ohio  to  Georgia."     This  station  is  not  far  from  its  northern  limit, 
although  I  have  collected  it  near  New  York  City.     Dudley. 

PYCNANTHEMUM,   MICHX. 

552.  P.  lanceolatum,  Pursh.     On  Woodward  Hill,  near  Kingston, 
abundant.      Thurston. 

553.  P.  incanum,  Michx.     MOUNTAIN  MINT.     Frequent  on  banks 
near  the  lower  Lackawanna  Valley.     Dtidley. 

CALAMINTHA,  TOURN. 

554.  C.  Clinopodium,  Benth.     BASIL.     Common. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  49 

MELISSA,  L. 
COMMON  BALM. 

555.  M.  OFFICINALIS,  L.     Near  Scranton.     Mrs.  Buell. 

HEDEOMA,  PERS. 

556.  H.  pulegioides,  Pers.    AMERICAN  PENNYROYAL.     Common. 

MONARDA,  L. 

HORSE-MlNT. 

557.  M.  didyma,  L.     SCARLET  BALM.     Frequent  in  lower  Lacka- 
wanna  Valley  ;  beyond  Leggett's  Gap.     Dudley. 

558.  M.  clinopodia,  L.  Near  the  entrance  to  Bald  Mt.  path,  collected 
by  Mr.  Reeves,  July,  1889. 

559.  M.  fistulosa,  L.     WILD  BERGAMOT.     Bank  west  of  the  pond  in 
lower  Lackawanna  Valley  ;  Campbell's  Ledge ;  near  Dalton.   Dudley. 
Not  rare  in  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

LOPHANTHUS,  BENTH. 
GIANT  HYSSOP. 

560.  L.  scrophularisefolius,  Benth.     Near  old  track  of  the  D.,  L.  & 
W.  R.  R.,  in  the  lower  Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley. 

NEPETA,  L 

561.  N.  CATARIA,  L.     CATNIP.     Abundant  in  waste  ground,  also  fre- 
quent in  woods  and  along  fences. 

562.  N.  GLECHOMA,  Benth.    GROUND  IVY.    GILL-OVER-THE-GROUND. 
Near  Scranton.      Graves.     Foot  of  red  shale  ledges,  Mocanaqua;  by 
school  house  across  river  from  Duryea.     Dudley.     Kingston  streets, 
and  along  the  river.      Thurston. 

SCUTELLARIA,  L. 

SKULLCAP. 

563.  S.  lateriflora,  L.     Rather  common  in  wet,  shaded  places. 

564.  S.  galericulata,  L.     Rather  common,  with  the  last. 

BRUNELLA,  TOURN. 

565.  B.  vulgaris,  L.     SELF-HEAL.     Common. 


50  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

PHYSOSTEGIA,  BENTH. 

566.  P.  Virginiana,  Eenth.     FALSE  DRAGON-HEAD.    Gravelly  shores 
of  the  Susquehanna  S.  E.  of  Mocanaqua,  in  herb.;  on  its  northeastern 
limit.    Prof.  Porter  reports  it  from  Pennsylvania  only  from  the  Schuyl- 
kill  below  Norristown,  and  from  southeastern  Pennsylvania  (its  east- 
ern limit),  and  from  Presque  Isle  on  Lake  Erie.     Dudley. 

LEONURUS,  L. 

567.  L.  CARDIACA,  L.     MOTHER  WORT.     Lower  Lackawanna  Valley. 
Dudley.     Slocum's  Avenue,  Pittston.     Miss  Carlson.     Occasional  in 
Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

LAMIUM,  L. 

568.  L.  AMPLEXICAULE,  L.     On  a  bank  by  R.  R.  below  Kingston,  also 
occasional  in  cultivated  fields.      Thurston. 

STACHYS,  TCURN. 

569.  S.  aspera,  Michx.     (S.palustris,  var.  aspcra.  Gray.)     Near  Pitts- 
ton.     Dudley.     Near  R.  R.  station,  Kingston. 

67.  PLANTAGINACE/E. 

PLANTAGO,  TOURN. 

570.  P.   major,   L.     COMMON   PLANTAIN.     Near  Wilkes-Barre,  etc. 
Dudley.     Probably  common. 

571.  P.    Rugelii,    Decaisne.     Lower    Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley. 
Common.     Davis.     The  two  last  much  alike  in  general  appearance, 
and  both  are  probably  common.     For  distinction  between  them  see 
Man.,  p.  423. 

572.  P.  LANCEOLATA,  L.       ENGLISH  PLANTAIN.       RlHWORT  PLANTAIN. 

Common. 

68.  ILLECEBRACE^. 

ANYCHIA,  MICHX. 

573.  A.  dichotoma,  MICHX.     River  mountains  (?).     Dudley. 

SCLERANTHUS,  L. 
KNAWEL. 

574.  S.    ANNUUS,    L.     Frequent    in   barren   fields  near  Wilkes-Barre. 
Dudley.     Pringle  Hill,  near  Kingston.      Thurston. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  51 

69.  AMARANTACE^E. 

AMARANTUS,   TOURN. 

575.  A.  RETROFLEXUS,  L.    Abundant  below  Scran  ton.    Dudley.    Kings- 
ton, and  elsewhere. 

576.  A.    albus,   L.     Common.     A   prostrate   Amarantus   with   large 
seeds,  short  bracts,  and  resembling  A.  blitoides,  WATSON  (see  Proc. 
of  Amer.  Acad.,  XII.,  p.  273,  and   Cayaga  Flora,  p.  75),  but  having 
the  utricle  of  A.  albus,  was  found  on  the  D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.  near 
Bennett's  Station ;  in  herb.     Dudley. 

70.  CHENOPODIACE^E. 

CHENOPODIUM,  TOURN. 
PIGWEED. 

577.  C.  ALBUM,  L.     Common. 

578.  C.  hybridum,  L.     MAPLE-LEAVED  GOOSEFOOT.     Ledges  above 
Taylorville ;  near  falls  of  Black  River.     Dudley. 

579.  C.  BOTRYS,  L.     JERUSALEM  OAK.     Wilkes-Barre  ;  Shickshinny  ; 
Scranton,  etc.     Dudley. 

580.  C.  AMBROSIOIDES,  L.     MEXICAN  TEA.      Abundant  in  streets  of 
Wilkes-Barre.     Dudley.     Kingston,  etc.      Thurston. 

ATRIPLEX,  TOURN. 

581.  A.  patulum,   L.,  var.   hastatum,  GRAY.     Streets   of  Wilkes- 
Barre  (?).  Dudley.    Var.  littorale,  GRAY.    Scranton  streets.   Dudley. 

71.  PHYTOLACCACE-ffi. 

PHYTOLACCA,  TOURN. 

POKEWEED. 

582.  P.  decandra,  L.     Frequent. 

72.  POLYGONACE^E. 

RUM  EX,   L. 

DOCK.     SORREL. 

583.  R.  verticillatus,  L.     SWAMP  DOCK.     Kingston  "Pond  Holes," 
abundant.      Thurston. 

584.  R.  CRISPUS,  L.    YELLOW  DOCK. 


52  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

585.  R.  OBTUSIFOLIUS,  L.      BlTTER  DOCK. 

586.  R.  ACETOSELLA,  L.     SHEEP-SORREL.     This,  and  the  two  pre- 
ceding, common  European  weeds. 

POLYGONUM,  TOURN. 
KNOTWEED. 

587.  P.  aviculare,  L.     Common  in  "door  yards"  and  by  well  trodden 
paths. 

588.  P.    erectum,    L.     (P.    aviculare,   var.  erectum,   5th  ed.  Man.) 
Common. 

589.  P.  tenue,  MICHX.     Top  of  Campbell's  Ledge,  in  herb.;  Penob- 
scot  Knob.     Dudley. 

590.  P.  lapathifolium,  L.     Var.  incarnatum,  WATSON.     (P.  incar- 
natum,  ELL.)     In  Mr.  Davis'  herb.,  probably  from  within  limits. 

591.  P.  Pennsylvanicum,  L.     Near  Kingston,  etc. 

592.  P.  amphibium,  L.     Shores  of  the  Susquehanna  S.  E.  of  Moca- 
naqua.     Dudley. 

593.  P.  Careyi,  OLNEY.     Pocono  Station,  D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.     Prof. 
Porter.     Near  the  pond  in  lower  Lackawanna  Valley,    a  doubtful 
specimen.     Dudley. 

594.  P.  ORIENTALS,  L.     PRINCE'S  FEATHER.     Pittston,  near  D.,  L.  £ 
W.  R.  R.     Miss  Carlson.     Occasional  in  waste  ground  near  Kings- 
ton.     Thurston. 

595.  P.  PERSICARIA,  L.     Frequent. 

596.  P.  hydropiperoides,  MICHX.    WATER-PEPPER.    Shores  of  Susq. 
below  Mocanaqua,  in  herb.     Dudley. 

597.  P.  Hydropiper,  L.     SMARTWEED.     Common. 

598.  P.  acre,  HBK.     WATER  SMARTWEED.     Frequent   in  swamps. 
Dudley. 

599.  P.  Virginianum,  L.    Shaded  rich  soil  near  Kingston.    Thurston. 
Opp.  Duryea.     Dudley. 

600.  P.  arifolium,  L.     TEAR-THUMB.     Lower  Lackawanna  Valley; 
in  marsh  W.  of  Tobyhanna;  Leggitt's  Gap,  etc.     Dudley. 

601.  P.  sagittatum,    L.     Tobyhanna,  1881.     Prof.  Porter.     Moca- 
naqua; pond  opp.  Duryea;  Leggitt's  Gap,  etc.     Dudley. 

602.  P.  CONVOLVULUS,  L.     BLACK  BINDWEED.     Frequent. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  53 

603.  P.  cilinode,  MICHX.     Near  Dunnings,  and  near  Tobyhanna,  on 
D.,  L.  &  W.  R.  R.;  toward  Lehigh  P.     Dudley.     About  Kingston. 
Thurston. 

604.  P.  dumetorum,  L.     Var.  scandens,  GRAY.     CLIMBING  BUCK- 
WHEAT.    Apparently  common  in  low  grounds. 

FAGOPYRUM,  TOURN. 

605.  F.  ESCULENTUM,  MOENCH.     BUCKWHEAT.     Cultivated  from  Eu- 
rope ;  sometimes  escaped ;  in  herb.     Davis. 

73.    ARISTOLOCHIACE^E. 

ASARUM,  TOURN. 
WILD  GINGER. 

606.  A.    Canadense,    L.     Occasional   in  rich  woods.     Gorge  above 
Falling  Spring.     Miss  Carlson.     Near  Ashley  Planes  ;  below  Wood- 
ward Breaker,  near  Kingston.      Thurston.     In  herb.;  probably  from 
within  limits.     Davis. 

74.   LAURACE^:. 

SASSAFRAS,  NEES. 

607.  S.  officinale,  NEES.     Frequent. 

LINDERA,  THUNB. 

608.  L.  Benzoin,  BLUME.     SPICE-BUSH.     Frequent,  at  least  in  lower 
part  of  our  territory. 

75.    THYMEL^EACE^E. 

DIRCA,  L. 

LEATHER  WOOD.     MOOSE  WOOD. 

609.  D.  palustris,  L.     Elk  Mountain.     Dudley. 

76.  LORANTHACE^. 

ARCEUTHOBIUM,  BIEB. 

610.  A.  pusillum,  PECK.     DWARF  MISTLETOE.     A  parasite  on  the 
black   spruce.     First   found  in    Pennsylvania,  by    Prof.   Dudley,    in 
swamp  at  the  head  of  Little  Roaring  Brook,  June  3Oth,  1886;  also 
found  on  the  dwarf  spruces  about  Lehigh  Pond,  July  6th,  1886;  no- 
ticed at  the  latter  station  on  a  second  visit  in  1889. 

In  Prof.  Dudley's  herb.,  also  in  herb,  of  Lack.  Inst. 


54  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

77.    SANTALACE^E. 

COMANDRA,  NUTT. 

611.  C.   umbellata,    NUTT.      Penobscot   Knob,  frequent.      Dudley. 
Campbell's    Ledge;    Woodward    Hill,    near    Kingston.       Thurston. 
Slocum's  Summit,  near  Pittston.     Miss  Carlson. 

78.    EUPHORBIACE^E. 

EUPHORBIA,  L. 

SPURGE. 

612.  E.  maculata,  L.     CREEPING  S.     Common. 

613.  E.  Preslii,  Guss.     (E.    hypericifolia,  5th  ed.  Man.)     Probably 
frequent.     Reported  from  Archbald,  Scranton,  Wyoming,  Kingston, 
etc. 

ACALYPHA,  L. 

614.  A.   Virginica,   L.     Ledges  near  Keyser  Valley;  Scranton,   in 
herb.;  Duryea.     Dudley.     Frequent  about  Kingston.      Thurston. 

79.  URTICACE^:. 

ULMUS,   L. 
ELM. 

615.  U.  fulva,  MICHX.    SLIPPERY  ELM.    Lower  Lackawanna  Valley. 
Dudley.     Carpenter's  Island,  near  Pittston.      G.  B.  Stone. 

616.  U.  Americana,  L.     WHITE  ELM.     Common. 

CELTIS,  TOURN. 

HACKBERRY. 

617.  C.  occidentalis,  L.     South  of  Everhart's  Island,  and  south  of 
Lackawanna  Station,  near  the  river ;  grove  by  the  Susquehanna,  opp. 
Wilkes-Barre,  several  large  trees;  shade  trees,  Maple  St.,  Kingston. 
Dudley. 

HUMULUS,  L. 

HOP. 

618.  H.  LUPULUS,  L.     Sometimes  escaping;  in  herb,  of  R.  N.  Davis. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  55 

MORUS,  TOURN. 
MULBERRY. 

619.  M.  rubra,  L.     RED  M.     Near  road  S.  of  Lackawanna  Station  ; 
woods  back  of  Red  Shale  Ledge,  Mocanaqua;  by  river  above  Kings- 
ton.    Dttdley. 

620.  M.  ALBA,  L.     WHITE  M.     Beach  Haven.     Davis. 

URT1CA,  TOURN. 

NETTLE. 
'621.  U.  gracilis,  AIT.     SLENDER  N.     Common  by  fences,  etc. 

LAPORTEA,  GAUDICHAUD, 
WOOD  NETTLE. 

622.  L.  Canadensis,  GAUD.     In  moist  rich  woods;  common. 

PI  LEA,  LINDL. 
CLEARWEED. 

623.  P.  pumila,  GRAY.     Common. 

BCEHMERIA,  JACQ. 
FALSE  NETTLE. 

624.  B.  cylindrica,  WILLD.     Near  Black  Cr.  above  breaker  at  Moca- 
naqua, in  herb.;  by  bridge  near  Duryea.     Dudley. 

PARIETARIA,  TOURN. 
PELLITORY. 

625.  P.   Pennsylvanica,   MUHL.     Ledges    above    Taylorville;    near 
Black  River  Falls.     Dudley. 

80.    PLATANACE^. 

PLATANUS,  L. 

SYCAMORE.     BUTTONWCOD. 

626.  P.  occidentalis,  L.     Along  the  Lackawanna  and  Susquehanna 


5(5  LACKA  WANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 


81.  JUGLANDACE^. 

JUGLANS,  L. 
WALNUT. 

627.  J.  cinerea,  L.     WHITE  WALNUT.    BUTTERNUT.    Duryea;  lower 
Lackawanna  Valley ;  along  the  Susquehanna.     Dudley. 

628.  J.  nigra,  L.     BLACK  WALNUT.     Occasional.     Davis.     Scarce  in 
Lackawanna  Valley  from   Scranton  to  Pittston ;  along  the  Susque- 
hanna; abundant  by  river  below  Wilkes  Barre;  also  above  the  Wyo- 
ming Valley  to  Ulster.     Dudley. 

CARYA,  NUTT. 
HICKORY. 

629.  C.  alba,  NUTT.     SIIAGBARK  HICKORY.     Woods,   frequent.     It 
has  a  destructive  enemy  in  the  "twig  girdler"  (Oncideres  cingulatuA 
SAY).     I  counted  six  girdled  twigs  on  a  single  branch,  spring  of  '92. 

630.  C.   tomentosa,   NUTT.     WHITE-HEART   HICKORY.     MOCKER- 
NUT.     Rather  frequent  throughout. 

631.  C.  microcarpa,    NUTT.     Lower   Lackawanna   Valley  (?) ;  near 
Red  Shale  Ledges,  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 

632.  C.  porcina,  NUTT.   PIGNUT  HICKORY.    Campbell's  Ledge  woods, 
etc.     Dudley. 

633.  C.  amara,  NUTT.     BITTERNUT  HICKORY.    Near  Lack.  R.  above 
Pittston,  also  near  its  mouth ;   Duryea  ;  by  ravine  near  Shickshinny  ; 
near  Kingston.     Dudley. 

82.  MYRICACE^:. 

MYRICA,  L. 

634.  M.  Gale,  L.    SWEET  GALE.    Pond  south  of  Waymart ;  L.  Henry 
Dudley. 

A  form  with  leaves  bright  green  and  strongly  resinous- dotted  hot! 
sides,  differing  especially  in  the  former  character  from  all  specimens 
seen  from  this  country  or  Europe,  occurs  at  Tobyhanna.  Dudley. 

635.  M.  asplenifolia,  Endl.     (Comptonia  asplenifolia^  Ait.)     SWEEI 
FERN.     Common  in  all  dry  woods. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  57 

83.   CUPULIFER-ffi. 

BETULA,  TOURN. 
BIRCH. 

636.  B.  lenta,  L.     BLACK  BIRCH.     SWEET  BIRCH.     Frequent. 

637.  B.  lutea,  MICHX.     YELLOW  BIRCH.     Swamp  at  head  of  Little 
Roaring  Brook;    near  Gouldsboro.     Dudley.     Rather   frequent   in 
Wyoming  Valley.     Thurston. 

638.  B.  populifolia,  AIT.     WHITE  BIRCH.     Dry  soil,  frequent. 

639.  B.  papyrifera,  MARSHALL.     PAPER  or  CANOE  BIRCH.     By  the 
mountain  road  near  the  summit  of  Bald  Mt.,  in  herb.;  high  hills  above 
Clark's  Green,  etc.     Dudley.     Near  Chinchilla.     Davis.     Cliffs  S. 
of  Luzerne.     Thurston. 

640.  B.  nigra,  L.     RIVER  BIRCH.     Abundant  along  the  Susquehanna 
and  the  lower  part  of  the  Lackawanna.     None  seen  above  Peckville. 


ALNUS,  TOURN. 
ALDER. 

641.  A.  incana,   WILLD.     SPECKLED  ALDER.     Lower  Lackawanna 
Valley ;  on  the  Moosic  Mountains.     Dudley. 

642.  A.  serrulata,  WILLD.     SMOOTH  ALDER.     Lower  Lackawanna 
Valley;  Moosic  Mountain  slopes;  lower  slopes  of  Bald  Mt.;   Moun- 
tain Inn  road,  in  herb.;  about  Kingston.     Dudley. 

643.  A.  viridis,  DC.     MOUNTAIN  ALDER.     The  plateau  east  of  Pe- 
nobscot  Knob.     Dudley. 

CORYLUS,  TOURN. 
HAZEL-NUT. 

644.  C.  Americana,  WALT.    Lackawanna  Valley  and  Keyser  Valley. 
Dudley.     Common  in  thickets  of  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

645.  C.  rostrata,  Ait.     BEAKED  HAZEL-NUT.     Common  about  Arch- 
bald.     Davis.      Ledges  above   Taylorville ;  Duryea.     Dudley.       A 
few  shrubs  near  Shavertown  are  all  that  I  have  noticed  in  Wyoming 
Valley.      Thurston. 

OSTRYA,  MICHELI. 
IRON-WOOD.      DEER  WOOD. 

646.  O.  Virginica,  WILLD.     Frequent. 


58  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

CARPINUS,  L. 

647.  C.   Caroliniana,   WALTER.     BLUE  BEECH.      WATER   BEECH. 
Along  all  the  streams.     Dudley. 

QUERCUS,    L. 

648.  Q.  alba,  L.     WHITE  OAK.     Common. 

649.  Q.  bicolor,  Willd.   SWAMP  WHITE  OAK.   Above  Leggett's  Gap ; 
near  head  of  Little  Roaring  Brook;  Black   Run  near  Mocanaqua. 
Dudley. 

650.  Q.  Prinus,  L.     CHESTNUT  OAK.     Frequent  on  the  mountains. 

651.  Q.  prinoides,  Willd.     E.  of  Penobscot  Knob.     Dudley. 

652.  Q.  rubra,  L.     RED  OAK.     Common. 

653.  Q.   coccinea,  Wang.     SCARLET   OAK.     Bald   and   Moosic   Mt. 
slopes ;  frequent    along    the    Lackawanna    R.;    Susquehanna,   near 
Plymouth  and  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 

654.  Q.   coccinea,  Wang.     Var.  TINCTORIA,  Gray.     YELLOW   OAK. 
Frequent. 

655.  Q.   ilicifolia,     Wang.     BLACK  SCRUB-OAK.     Abundant  on  the 
mountains,  descending  into  the  valleys  at  Taylorville.    Dudley.     Lu- 
zerne,  etc.      Thurston. 

CASTANEA,  TOURN. 

656.  C.  sativa,  Mill.     Var.  AMERICANA.     CHESTNUT.     Common   in 
dry  mountain  woods. 

FAGUS,   TOURN. 

657.  F.  ferruginea,  Ait.     BEECH.     Along  the  river  below  Scranton ; 
toward  Dunmore;  on  the  mountain  slopes,  and  abundant  in  the  richer 
woods  outside  the  valleys. 

84.    SALICACE^E. 

SALIX,  TOURN. 

658.  S.    nigra,    Marshall.      BLACK   WILLOW.     Abundant   along   the 
Susquehanna  R.  from  the  New  York  line  to   Mocanaqua;  on  the 
Lackawanna  R.;  low  grounds  on  the  mountains,  and  abundant  along 
streams  outside  the  valleys.     Its  sister  species  S.  amygdaloides  has 
not  been  observed  in  the  Susquehanna  Valley  or  tributaries  either  in 
New  York  or  Pennsylvania.     Dudley. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  59 

659.  S.  lucida,  Muhl.     SHINING  WILLOW.     Near  the  Susquehanna 
above  Falling  Spring,  and  near  Duryea.     Dudley. 

660.  S.  FRAGILIS,  L.     A  willow  with  light  olive  green  smooth  bark, 
introduced  and  planted  for  the  protection  of  the  banks   of  streams. 
Near  the  Susquehanna  below  Tunkhannock;  by  the  R.  R.  below 
Wilkes-Barre ;  near  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 

66 1.  S.  ALBA,  L.     Var.  VITELLINA,  Koch.    Frequent  in  Wyoming  Val- 
ley; planted  in  private  grounds,  also  found  along  streams. 

662.  S.  alba  x.  lucida  (hybrid,  the  No.  844  of  the  Cayuga  Flora)  9 
Duryea,  and  along  the  Susquehanna.     Dudley. 

663.  S.  BAfiYLONicA,  Tourn.     WEEPING  WILLOW.     Planted  in  Kings- 
ton, etc. 

664.  S.  longifolia,    Muhl.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston.     Sand  bars 
of  the  Susquehanna  above  Pittston.     Dudley. 

665.  S.  rostrata,  Richardson.     Abundant  on  the  Pocono  Mts.,  Penob- 
scot  Knob,  Mountain  Inn  road,  etc.     Dudley. 

666.  S.  discolor,  Muhl.     PUSSY  WILLOW.     Mountains  in  wet  places, 
and  near  the  rivers,  frequent.     Dudley. 

667.  S.  humilis,  Marsh.    Frequent  on  the  mountains,  and  the  wooded 
banks  of  streams  in  the  valleys.    One  of  the  earliest  willows.    Dudley 

668.  S.  tristis,  Ait.     DWARF  WILLOW.     A  small  gray  willow.     E.  of 
Penobscot  Knob ;  opposite  Duryea.     Dudley. 

669.  S.  sericea,  Marsh.     SILKY  WILLOW.     Frequent  in  the  Lack- 
awanna  Valley ;  Pocono  Mts.;  lake  E.  of  Glen  Summit ;  Penobscot 
Knob;  Atherton's  Pond,  etc.     Dudley. 

670.  S.  petiolar,is,   Smith.     Banks   of  Moosic   Lake   abundant,   and 
probably  elsewhere.     Dudley. 

671.  S.   cordata,   Muhl.     HEART  LEAVED    WILLOW.      Lackawanna 
Valley;  Wyoming  Valley;  lake  east  of  Glen  Summit,  etc.     Dudley. 

672.  S.  cordata  x  S.  sericea.    In  the  old  bed  of  Toby's  Creek  above 
Kingston.      Thurston. 

673.  S.  myrtilloides,  L.     On  the  islands  in  L.  Henry. 

POPULUS,  TOURN. 

674.  P.  tremuloides,  Michx.     QUAKING  ASPEN.     Common. 
675-  P.  grandidentata,  Michx.     Frequent. 


60  LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 

676.  P.  BALSAMIFERA,  L.  Var.  CANDICANS,  Gray.  BALM  OF  GILEAD. 
Several  middle-sized  trees  along  the  Susquehanna  above  Kingston ; 
near  Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 

Populus  alba  (the  Silver  Poplar),  with  downy  white  leaves,  is  fre- 
quently planted  in  towns.  P.  dilatata  (Lombardy  Poplar)  is  planted. 
"The  single  tree  near  Dickson  Sta.  was  probably  planted."  Davis. 

85.  CERATOPHYLLACE^. 

CERATOPHYLLUM,  L. 

HORNWORT. 

677.  C.    demersum,    L.     Pond  in   lower  Lackawanna   Valley;  at 
Gouldsboro ;  L.  Henry,  abundant.     Dudley. 


GYMNOSPERMS. 


86.   CONIFERS. 

PINUS,  TOURN. 
PINE. 

678.  P.  Strobus,  L. .   WHITE  P.     Common  on  the  hills. 

679.  P.  rigida,  MILL.     PITCH  PINE.     Frequent  on  dry  hills. 

680.  P.  inops,  Ait.     SCRUB  PINE.     Frequent  on  barren  hills  in  Wyo- 
ming Valley. 

681.  P.  resinosa,  Ait.     RED  PINE.     Campbell's  Ledge,  a  single  tree. 
Thurston.     Frequent  on  the  cliffs,  up  the  Susquehanna,  from  Camp- 
bell's Ledge.     Dudley. 

PICEA,  LINK. 
SPRUCE. 

682.  P.  nigra,  Link.     BLACK  S.     Swamp  at  head  of  Little  Roaring 
Brook ;  about  Lehigh  P.;  near  Tobyhanna,  and  elsewhere  on   the 
Pocono  plateau.  Dudley.    Moss'  Swamp,  N.  of  Luzerne.   G.  B.  Stone. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  61 

TSUGA,  CARRIERE. 
HEMLOCK. 

83.  T.  Canadensis,  Carr.  Frequent.  A  small  grove  of  magnifi- 
cent old  trees  above  Shavertown.  Thurston. 

ABIES,  LINK. 
FIR.    BALSAM  FIR. 

684.  A.  balsamea,  Miller.     Lehigli  P.  and  woods  near;  near  Toby- 
hanna,  in  swamp ;  E.  of  Gouldsboro  ;  Pocono  Summit.     Dttdley. 

LARIX,  TOURN. 
LARCH. 

85.  L.  Americana,  MICHX.  TAMARACK.  On  the  mountains  about 
Lehigh  Pond  ;  Pocono  Summit;  swamp  near  Broderick,  in  the  Wyo- 
ming Valley,  a  single  tree,  dead.  Dudley.  In  Moss'  Swamp,  N.  of 
Luzerne,  several  trees.  G.  B.  Stone. 

JUNIPERUS,  L. 

JUNIPER. 

686.  J.  Virginiana,  L.     RED  CEDAR.     Campbell's  Ledge,  abundant. 
Davis,  Dudley. 

TAXUS,  TOURN. 
YEW. 

687.  T.  Canadensis,  WILLD.     GROUND  HEMLOCK.     In  deep  woods. 
Davis.     Swamp  near  Mountain  Inn  road ;  near  Atherton's  Pond. 
Dudley.     Occasional  in  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 


MONOCOTYLEDONS. 


87.  ORCHIDACEiSE. 

MICROSTYLIS,    NUTT. 

688.  M.  ophioglossoides,  NUTT.     Woods  W.  of  Archbald.     Davis. 
Pocono  Summit.    Col.  Price.     Campbell's  Ledge.    Thurston.    Wind 
Fall,  half  a  mile  S.  of  Pocono  Summit ;  Bald  Mt.;  Tobyhanna ;  E.  of 
Penobscot  Knob.     Dttdley. 

LIPARIS,  RICHARD. 

TWAYBLADE. 

689.  L.  liliifolia,  RICHARD.     Campbell's  Ledge  (in  Miss   Gilmore's 
herb.)     Wilkes-Barre  Mt.,  a  large  bed.      Thurston. 

CORALLORHIZA,  HALLER. 
CORAL-ROOT. 

690.  C.  multiflora,  Nutt.     Lynn,  in  herb.     Davis.     Woods  on  Bald 
Mountain  slope ;  woods   near    L.    Henry.     Dudley.     Occasional  in 
Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

SPIRANTHES,  RICHARD. 
LADIES'  TRESSES. 

691.  S.  cernua,  RICHARD.     Moosic  L.,  1881.    Prof.  Porter.     Penob- 
scot  Knob;  near  Mt.  Ararat.     Dudley.     Frequent  near  Tompkins- 
ville.     Graves.     Not  rare  in  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

692.  S.  gracilis,  BIGELOW.     Woods    near    Scranton.     Mrs.  Beeber. 
Also  found  near  Scranton  by  Mr.  Reeves.    On  Mt.  W.  of  Carbondale  ; 
W.  of  Jermyn;  Bald  Mt.     Graves.     Luzerne  Glen.      Thurston. 

GOODYERA,  R.  BR. 
RATTLESNAKE-  PLANTAIN. 

693.  G.  repens,  R.  Br.  (?).     Pocono  Summit  Swamp.     Dudley. 

694.  G.  pubescens,  R.  Br.     Woods  near  Scranton.     Mrs.  Beeber. 
Glen  above  Luzerne.      Thurston. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  63 

CALOPOGON,  R.  BR. 

95.  C.  pulchellus,  R.  Br.     Atherton's  P.;  road  to  Moosic  L.  and 
about  the  lake ;  road  to   Little  Roaring  Brook ;   Lehigh  Pond  and 
Lake  Henry.     Dudley. 

POGONIA,  Juss. 

96.  P.    ophioglossoides,    Nutt.     Lily   Lake.      Davis.     Atherton's 
Pond ;  shores  of  Moosic  L.;  Lehigh  P.  and  L.  Henry.     Dudley. 

97.  P.  verticillata,  NUTT.     Woods  near  brook,  top  of  Bald  Mt;  in 
flower  June   loth;  near  Dunmore ;    near  Nay  Aug.     Graves.     On 
mountain  E.  of  Fairview.     Diidley. 

ORCHIS,  L. 

98.  O.  spectabilis,  L.     SHOWY  ORCHIS.     Glen  above  Luzerne  and 
along  "Ice  Cave  Gorge  ;"  rare.      Thtirston. 

HABENARIA,  WILLD. 

99.  H.  tridentata,  HOOK.    Moosic  Lake,  1884.    Prof.  Porter.     Ath- 
erton's Pond ;  Reservoir  Lake,  east  of  Glen  Summit ;  near  Dalton. 
Dudley. 

00.  H.  Hookeri,  TORR.     Woods  near  Lehigh  Pond;  Bald  Mt.;  E. 
of  Fairview;  woods   by    Scott   Township  road.     Dudley.     Tilbury 
Knob.     Thurston. 

01.  H.    ciliaris,    R.   Br.     YELLOW   FRINGED  -  ORCHIS.     Moosic  L. 
Prof.  Porter.     Found  in  swamp  near  Lehigh  Pond  in  '89.     Dudley. 

02.  H.  blephariglottis,  Torr.     WHITE  FRINGED-ORCHIS.     Pocono 
Station.     Prof.  Porter.     Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley. 

03.  H.  lacera,  R.  Br.     RAGGED  FRINGED-ORCHIS.     Near  Lehman, 
in  herb.      Thurston.     By  road  toward  Moosic  L.     Mr.  Reeves. 

04.  H.   psycodes,    GRAY.     Lackawanna  Valley,  in   herb.     Davis. 
Near  Crystal  Lake.     Dudley. 

05.  H.  fimbriata,  R.  Br.     PURPLE  FRINGED-ORCHIS.    Near  Lehigh 
Pond.     Dudley. 

CYPRIPEDIUM,  L. 
LADY'S  SLIPPER.     MOCCASIN  FLOWER. 

06.  C.    parviflorum,  SALISB.     Inkerman's  woods,  Pittston;  Camp- 
bell's Ledge.     Miss  Carlson.     Elk  Mountain.      Graves. 


61  LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 

707.  C.  pubescens,  WILLD.    Campbell's  Ledge.    Dudley.    Frequent 
in  Wyoming  Valley ;  I  counted  over  fifty  plants  in  an  hour's  walk  on 
Wilkes-Barre  Mt.     Thurston. 

708.  C.  spectabile,  SALISB.     SHOWY  LADY'S-SLIPPER.     Near  Mud 
Pond,  near  Smithville,  five  miles  from  Pittston.     Etta  Rozelle.     Near 
Clark's  Green,  in  herb.     Prof.  JV.  S.  Davis. 

709.  C.  acaule,  Ait.     STEMLESS  LADY'S-SLIPPER.     Woods  W.  of  Le- 
high  Pond,  in  herb.     Dudley.     Near  Kingston.     Mrs.  J.  H.  Race. 
Near   Plainsville,   in   herb.     Davis.     Nay   Aug   Falls ;    Campbell's 
Ledge.     Graves.     Near  Pittston.     Miss   Carlson. 

88.   H^MODORACE^. 

ALETRIS,   L. 

710.  A.   farinosa,  L.     On  the  Camel's  Back  (evidently  Campbell's 
Ledge  is  meant),  near  Pittston.     Prof.  Porter. 

89.   IRIDACE^E. 

IRIS,  TOURN. 
FLOWER-DE-LUCE. 

711.  I.  versicolor,  L.     Common. 

SISYRINCHIUM,  L. 
BLUE-EYED  GRASS. 

712.  S.  angustifolium,  MILL.   (S.  Bermudiana,   var.   mucronatuiifk 
Gray.)     Ravine  by  Bald  Mt.     Dudley. 

713.  S.  anceps,  CAV.    (S.  Bennudiana,  var.  anceps.,  Gray.)    Common. 
Var.  albidum.     First  discovered  in  Pennsylvania  at  Naomi  Pines, 
June,  1889,  by  Prof.  Porter. 

90.  AMARYLLIDACE^. 

HYPOXIS,  U 

STAR-GRASS. 

714.  H.  erecta,  L.    Frequent,  at  least  in  lower  Lackawanna  and  W 
ming  Valleys. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  65 


gi.  DIOSCOREACE^:. 

DIOSCOREA,  PLUMIER. 

YAM. 

715.  D.  villosa,  L.  Occasional  about  Kingston.  Thurston.  Black 
Cr.j  near  the  mine  of  the  West  End  Breaker  ;  Campbell's  Ledge  ; 
Lower  Lackawanna  Valley,  in  herb.  Dudley. 


92. 

SMILAX,  TOURN. 
GREENBRIER. 

716.  S.  herbacea,  L.     CARRION-FLOWER.     About   Kingston,   occa- 
sional.     Thurston.     E.  ofDunmore;  near  Mountain  Inn  road  ;  road 
from  Moosic  L.  to  Paupack.     Dudley. 

717.  S.  rotundifolia,  L.     GREEN  BRIER.     E.  of  Dunmore,  and  near 
the  sandstone  ledges  above  Taylorville,  in  herb.;  frequent  in  lower 

tackawanna  Valley.  Var.  quadrangularis,  Gray,  is  not  infre- 
quent on  the  slopes  of  the  Moosic  Mts.  From  the  inadequate 
description  of  this  variety  it  is  liable  to  be  mistaken  for  S.  tamnoides. 
Its  leaves  are  oblong  usually,  spinulose  toothed  on  the  margin,  and 
often  slightly  fiddle-shaped.  Dudley. 

718.  S.  hispida,  MUHL.     Lower  Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley. 

ALLIUM,  L. 
ONION.     GARLIC. 

1719.  A.  cernuum,  ROTH.     WILD  ONION.    Top  of  Campbell's  Ledge, 
in  herb.  Lack.  Inst.     Mr.  Reeves. 

CONVALLARIA,    L. 

LILY  OF  THE  VALLEY. 
C.  MAJALIS,  L.     Cultivated. 

POLYGONATUM,  TOURN. 
SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 

720.  P.  biflorum,  Ell.     SMALLER  S.  S.     Campbell's  Ledge;  Moca- 
naqua;    Mountain    Inn   road.     Dudley.      Slocum's    Summit.     Miss 
Carlson.     Frequent  about  Kingston.      Thurston. 

721.  P.  giganteum,  DIETRICH.    GREAT  S.  S.    Frequent  by  the  river, 
above  Kingston.      Thurston.     Carpenter's  Island.      G.  B.  Stone. 


66  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

ASPARAGUS,  TOURN. 

722.  A.  OFFICINALIS,  L.  GARDEN  ASPARAGUS.  Cultivated  from  Europe ; 
sometimes    escaped.       Mocanaqua.      Dudley.      Around    Kingston. 
Tkurston 

SMILACINA,  DESF. 
FALSE  SOLOMON'S  SEAL. 

723.  S.  racemosa,  Desf.     Frequent. 

724.  S.  stellata,  Desf.     Bog   between  Gouldsboro  and  Tobyhanna. 
Dudley. 

725.  S.  trifolia,   Desf.     Lehigh  P.;  swamp  near  Gouldsboro;  swamp 
at  head  of  Little  Roaring  Brook.     Dudley. 

MAIANTHEMUM,  WIGG. 

726.  M.    Canadense,    Desf.      (Smilacina    bifolia,  var.    Canadensis 
Gray.)     Very  common. 

STREPTOPUS,  MICHX. 

TWISTED-STALK. 

727.  S.  roseus,  Michx.     Glen  above  Luzerne.      Thurston. 

CLINTONIA,  RAF. 

728.  C.    borealis,  Raf.     Near  Archbald  "pot  hole."     Davis.     Near 
Lehigh  P.  and  in  swamp  N.  E.  of  Tobyhanna.    Dudley.     Occasional 
in  cold  woods  in  Wyoming  Valley.      Thurston. 

UVULARIA,  L. 
BELLWORT. 

729.  U.  perfoliata,  L.     Common. 

OAKESIA,  WATSON. 

730.  O.  sessilifolia,  WATSON.     ( Uvularia  sessilifolia,  5th  ed.  Man.) 
Common. 

ERYTHRONIUM,  L. 

DOG'S-TOOTH  VIOLET. 

731.  E.  Americanum,  Ker.     YELLOW   ADDER'S  TONGUE.     Plains- 
ville,   in   herb.     Davis.     Carpenter's  Island.     Miss   Carlson.     Fre- 
quent about  Kingston,  but  with  few  flowers.      Thurston. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  67 

LILIUM,    L. 
LILY. 

732.  L.  Philadelphicum,  L.     Woods  toward  Moosic  L.;  Mountain 
Inn  road ;  Pocono  Mt.;  Scott  township  road.     Dudley.     Near  Kings- 
ton.    Mrs.  J.  H.  Race. 

733.  L.  Canadense,  L.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

L.  TIGRINUM,  Ker.     TIGER  LILY.     Cultivated  from  Asia. 

MEDEOLA,  GRONOV. 
INDIAN  CUCUMBER-ROOT. 

734.  M.  Virginiana,  L.     Frequent  in  rich  woods. 

TRILLIUM,  L. 

WAKE  ROBIN.     BIRTHROOT. 

735.  T.  erectum,  L.     Common. 

736.  T.  grandiflorum,  Salisb.     Elk  Mountain.     Dudley.     Abundant 
on  Elk  Mountain,  May,  1890.      Graves. 

737.  T.  erythrocarpum,  Michx.     PAINTED  TRILLIUM.     Frequent  in 
cold  damp  woods  throughout. 

CHAM/ELIRIUM,  WILLD. 
DEVIL'S-BIT. 

738.  C.  Carolinianum,  Willd.     (C.  luteum,  5th  ed.  Man.)     Wilkes- 
Barre  Mountain,  in  herb.     Mrs.  Thurston. 

MELANTHIUM,  LINN. 

739.  M.  latifolium,  DESROUSS.     By  the  entrance  to  Black  River  ra- 
vine, Mocanaqua,  July  6th,  1889,  leaves  only.     It  blossoms  in  Aug. 
in  Va.     Fruit  and  old  leaves  rather  frequent  back  of  Fairview,  E.  of 
Penobscot  by  R.   R.    and  on    Penobscot   Knob,   Sept.  24th,    1891. 
Dudley. 

VERATRUM,  TOURN. 
FALSE  HELLEBORE. 

740.  V.  viride,  Ait.     Common.    Davis.     Lehigh  P.;  Pocono  Summit. 
Dudley.     N.  of  Campbell's  Ledge.      Thurston. 

AMIANTHIUM,  GRAY. 
FLY-POISON. 

741.  A.  muscsetoxicum,  Gray.     Abundant  in  woods  on  Moosic  Mt, 
W.  and  S.  of  Moosic  L.;  Penobscot  Knob  and  eastward,  abundant. 
Dudley.     Wilkes-Barre  Mt.     E.  E.  Williams. 


68  LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 

93.  PONTEDERIACEuE. 

PONTEDERIA,  L. 

PICKEREL-WEED. 

742.  P.  cordata,  L.     Wyoming  Swamp ;   Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley. 

HETERANTHERA,  Ruiz  &  PAV. 

743.  H.  graminea,  Vahl.     (Sckollera  graminifolia,   5th    ed.    Man.) 
Kingston  "Pond  Holes."      Thurston. 

94.  XYRIDACE^. 

XYRIS,  GRONOV. 

744.  X.  flexuosa,  Muhl.   Var.  pusilla,  Gray.    YELLOW-EYED  GRASS. 
Moosic  L.  and  Tobyhanna  Mills.     Prof.  Porter. 

95.  JUNCACE^E. 

JUNCUS,  TOURN. 

RUSH. 

745-  J-   effusus,  L.     COMMON    BULRUSH.     Frequent   near   standing 
water. 

746.  J.  marginatus,  Rostk.    Bald  Mt;  E.  of  Fairview  ;  Mountain  Inn 
road.     Dudley. 

747.  J.  tenuis,  Willd.     Bald  Mt.  woods;  near  foot-paths,  etc. 

748.  J.  bufonius,  L.     Tobyhanna;  Pocono  Sta.;  Moosic  Lake.    Prof. 
Porter. 

749-  J-  pelocarpus,  E.  Meyer.     Tobyhanna.     Porter. 

750.  J.  articulatus,  L.     Near  Tobyhanna.     Dudley. 

751.  J.  acuminatus,  Michx.     By  R.  R.  east  of  Fairview.     Dudley. 

752.  J.  Canadensis,  J.  Gay.     Var.  longicaudatus,  Engl.    Reservoir 
east  of  Glen  Summit.     Dudley. 

753-  J-   Canadensis,  var.    subcaudatus,   Engl.     Mocanaqua ;  Bald 
Mountain,  a  slender  form.     Dudley. 

754.  J.  Canadensis,  var.  coarctatus,  Engl.    By  Mountain  Inn  road; 
east  of  Fairview ;  near  Gouldsboro.     Dudley. 

LUZULA,   DC. 

755.  L.  campestris,  DC.    Common  in  dry  woods,  lower  Lackawanna 
and  Wyoming  Valleys. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  69 


96.  TYPHACE^:. 

TYPHA,  TOURN. 

756.  T.  latifolia,  L.     COMMON  CAT-TAIL.     Common  in  marshes. 

SPARGANIUM,  TOURN. 
BUR-REED. 

757.  S.  eurycarpum,  Engl.     Kingston  "Pond  Holes."      Thurston. 

758.  S.    simplex,    Hudson.     Near    Plainsville.     Davis.      Tompkins- 
ville.      Graves. 

759.  S.  simplex,  var.  angustifolium,  Engl.     In  brooks  and  springs 
on  the  Pocono  ;  big  spring,  Mt.  Pocono  ;  a  stout,  short  erect  form,  in 
mud,  reservoir  east  of  Glen  Summit.     Dudley. 

760.  S.    simplex,    var.    fluitans,    Engl.      Tobyhanna    Mills.     Prof. 

Porter. 


97. 

ARIS/EMA,   MART. 

761.  A.  triphyllum,  Torr.     INDIAN  TURNIP.     Frequent. 

CALLA,  L. 

762.  C.   palustris,    L.     WILD    CALLA.     Tobyhanna.     Prof.  Porter. 
Atherton's    Pond  ;   Lehigh    Pond  and    all  marshes   on  the  Pocono. 
Dudley.     On  mountain  N.  W.  of  Carbondale.      Graves.     Harvey's 
Lake.      Thurston.    Near  Pittston.    Miss  Mae  Crydenwise.    L.  Ariel. 
Miss  Emily  Johnson.     Specimens   with  a  double  spathe  are  occa- 
sionally found. 

SYMPLOCARPUS,  SALISB. 

763.  S.  fcetidus,  Salisb.     SKUNK  CABBAGE.     Common. 

ORONTIUM,  L. 

764.  O.  aquaticum,  L.    GOLDEN-CLUB.    Swamp  one  mile  E.  of  Plains- 
ville, in  herb.     Davis.     Several  ponds  in  Wayne  Co.;  flowers  and 
fruit  at  Moosic  Lake,  July  10,  '89,  in  herb.;  Reservoir  Lake  E.  of  Glen 
Summit.     Dudley. 

ACORUS,  L. 

765.  A.  Calamus,  L.     SWEET  FLAG.     Frequent. 


70  LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 


98.  LEMNACE^. 

SPIRODELA,  SCHLEIDEN. 

766.  S.  polyrrhiza,  SCHLEID.     Wyoming  Sw.;  Tobyhanna.     Dudley. 
Kingston  "Pond  Holes."      Thurston. 

LEMNA,   L. 

767.  L.  perpusilla,  Torr.     In  a  pond  near  Tobyhanna,  June,  1890. 
Dudley. 

768.  L.  minor,  L.    Wyoming  Swamp.     Dudley. 

99.  ALISMACE^:. 

ALISMA,  L. 

769.  A.  Plantago,  L.    (Var.  Americanum,  R.  and  S.)    WATER  PLAN- 
TAIN. Near  Wyoming.  Dudley.    Kingston  "Pond  Holes."    Thurston. 

SAGITTARIA,  L. 

ARROW-HEAD. 

770.  S.  variabilis,  Engelm.     Mud  pond  near  Tompkinsville ;  Heart 
Lake,  Tompkinsville.    Graves.    Mouth  of  Lackawanna  River ;  Kings- 
ton, etc.     Dudley. 

771.  S.  heterophylla,  Pursh.     Kingston  "Pond  Holes."      Thurston. 
Heart  Lake,  near  Tompkinsville.      Graves. 

ioo.  NAIADACEiE. 

SCHEUCHZERIA,  L. 

772.  S.    palustris,    L.     Tobyhanna   Mills.      Prof.    Porter.      Ararat 
Marsh.     Dudley. 

POTAMOGETON,  TOURN. 

773.  P.  natans,  L.    Pond  in  lower  Lackawanna  Valley;  Lake  Henry, 
in  herb.     Dudley. 

774.  P.  Pennsylvanicus,  Cham.     (P.  Claytonii^  Tuck.)    Tobyhanna 
Mills.     Prof.  Porter,  Dudley.    In  Lehigh  Pond  and  outlet.    Dudley. 


LACKA  WANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  71 


101.  CYPERACE^E. 

CYPERUS,   TOURN. 

775.  C.  diandrus,  Torr.    Tobyhanna.  Porter.  Tompkinsville.    Graves. 
Kingston.      Thurston. 

776.  C.  filiculmis,  Vahl.     Campbell's   Ledge,   rocky    soil ;   Duryea, 
near  the  river.     Dudley. 

777.  C.  esculentus,  L.     (C.  phymatodes,  Man.  5th  ed.)     Kingston. 
Thurston. 

778.  C.  strigosus,  L.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston.     Probably   else- 
where frequent. 

DULICHIUM,  PERS. 

779.  D.    spathaceum,    Pers.     Tobyhanna.     Porter.     Near   Goulds- 
boro ;  Reservoir  Lake  east  of  Glen  Summit ;  Pocono  Summit.    Dud- 
ley.    Wyoming  Sw.      Thurston. 

ELEOCHARIS,  R.   BR. 

780.  E.  ovata,  R.  Br.     (E.  obtusa,  Schult.)     Near  Wilkes-Barre,  etc. 

781.  E.  palustris,  R.  Br.    Wyoming  Sw.;  borders  of  Atherton's  Pond  ; 
Reservoir  L.  east  of  Glen  Summit.     Dudley.. 

FIMBRISTYLIS,  VAHL. 

782.  F.  capillaris,  Gray.     In  sand  near  Coxton;  near  Duryea  (many 
spikes  sessile  at  the  ground).     Dudley. 

SCIRPUS,  TOURN. 

783.  S.  subterminalis,  Torr.     Moosic  L.,  1884.     Porter. 

784.  S.pungens,  Vahl.     Moosic  L.    Porter.    Kingston,  near  the  river. 
Thurston. 

785.  S.  debilis,  Pursh.     Shores  of  the  Susquehanna  opposite  Wilkes- 
Barre.     Dudley. 

786.  S.  atrovirens,  Muhl.    East  of  Pocono  Summit.    Dudley.    Kings- 
ton.     Thurston. 

787.  S.  polyphyllus,  Vahl.     Luzerne.      Thurston. 

788.  S.  lacustris,  L.     (S.  validus,  Vahl.)    Common  in  "pond-holes," 
Kingston.      Thurston. 


72  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

ERIOPHORUM,  L 

789.  E.  cyperinum,  L.     (Scirpus  Eriophorum,  MX.)     WOOL-GRASS. 
Pond   near  Duryea,  and  ponds  in  Susquehanna  Co.     The  slender 
mountain  form  at  Moosic  L.,  Lehigh  Pond,  etc. 

790.  E.  vaginatum,  L.     Lehigh  Pond;  Atherton's  Pond;  Sinkhole 
Marsh,  Ararat.     Dudley.     Rare  in  Penn'a,  found  at  only  two  other 
stations  according  to  Prof.  Porter. 

791.  E.  Virginicum,  L.     Atherton's  Pond;  Lehigh  Pond;  Reservoir 
L.  east  of  Glen  Summit ;  Sinkhole  Marsh,  Ararat.     Dudley. 

792.  E.  polystachyon,  L.    Tobyhanna  Mifts.    Porter.    Lehigh  Pond. 
Dudley. 

793.  E.  gracile,  Koch.     Near  Pocono   Station  ;  Reservoir  Lake  east 
of  Glen  Summit.     Dudley. 

RHYNCHOSPORA,  VAHL. 

794.  R.  alba,  Vahl.     Lehigh  Pond;  Ararat  Marsh.     Dudley. 

795.  R.  glomerata,Vahl.    Mountain  Inn  road  ;  Moosic  Lake.    Dudley. 

SCLERIA,  BERG. 

796.  S.  triglomerata,  Michx.     Rare  east  of  Penobscot  Knob.    Dudley. 

797.  S.  pauciflora,  Muhl.     Rocky  woods  east  of  Fairview  near  L.  V. 
railroad.     Dudley. 

CAREX,  RUPPIUS. 

798.  C.  pauciflora,  Lightf.    Sinkhole  Marsh,  Ararat ;  Atherton's  Pond. 
Lehigh  Pond.    Dudley.    Torrey  L.,  Wayne  Co.,  "very  rare."   Porter. 

799.  C.  folliculata,  L.     Not  infrequent  on  the  Pocono  plateau  ;  east 
of  Gouldsboro  ;  source   of  Little  Roaring   Brook ;  Pocono  Summit ; 
Lehigh  Pond;   Moosic  Lake;  Reservoir  Lake  east  of  Glen  Summit. 
Dudley. 

800.  C.  intumescens,  Rudge.     Tobyhanna.     Porter.     Pocono  Sum- 
mit.    Dudley.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

801.  C.  Grayii,  Carey.     Swamp  west  of  Reservoir  Lake,  east  of  Glen 
Summit.      Dudley.     "Very  rare  east  of  the  Alleghenies."     Porter. 

802.  C.  lupulina,  Muhl.    Not  rare  on  the  Pocono  ;  near  Black  Creek. 
Dudley.     Kingston.      Thurston. 

C.  oligosperma,  Michx     Monroe  Co.,  the  county  next  east  of 
Lackawanna.      Porter. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  73 

803.  C.  utriculata,  Boott.     Moosic  L.;  Tobyhanna.     Porter.     Ather- 
ton's  Pond,  Dalton  ;  Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley. 

804.  C.  Tuckermani,  Dewey.     Pocono,  Monroe  Co.     Porter. 

805.  C.  lurida,  Wahl.    (C.  tentaculata,  Man.,  5th  ed.)    On  the  Pocono 
plateau.     Dudley.     Near  Kingston.     J^hurston. 

C.  lurida,  Wahl.,  var.  gracilis,  Bailey.  (C.  tentaculata,  var. 
gradlis.}  Near  Tobyhanna;  by  road  to  Lehigh  Pond;  near  Pocono 
Sta.;  a  mountain  form,  and  not  uncommon.  Dudley. 

806.  C.   Schweinitzii,  Dew.     "Pocono,  Monroe  Co.     The  specimen 
(at  Lafayette  Coll.)  is  from  Schweinitz  himself,  but  does  not  seem  to 
have   been  collected   in  Perm,    since  his   day"     Porter.     "Carices 
of  Perm.,"  1887,  p.  3. 

807.  C.  Pseudo-Cyperus,  L.    Var.  Americana,  Hochst.  (C.  comosa, 
Man.,  5th  ed.)    Wayne  Co.     Gar  her.     L.  Henry.    Dudley.     Kings- 
ton;    Wyoming  Sw.      Thurston. 

808.  C.  scabrata,  Schwein.     Wayne  Co.     Garber. 

809.  C.  filiformis,  L.    Lehigh  Pond;  Atherton's  Pond;  Ararat  Marsh. 
Dudley. 

810.  C.  trichocarpa,  Muhl.     Lower  Lackawanna  Valley.     Dudley. 

811.  C.  stricta,  Lam.     Source  of  Little  Roaring  Brook,  etc.     Dudley. 
C.  stricta,  Lam.     Var.  angustata.     Marsh  above  Gouldsboro ; 

near  Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley. 
Si  2.  C.  torta,  Boott.     In  herb.     Davis. 

813.  C.  crinita,  Lam.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

814.  C.  gynandra,  Schw.     Frequent  on  the  Pocono  Plateau;  north  of 
Mocanaqua  by  R.  R.;  a  form  easily  distinguished  from  the  preceding. 
Dudley. 

815.  C.  Magellanica,  Lam.     "On  the  Tunkhanna.     Very  rare.     Its 
southern  limit."    Porter.    Swamp  above  Gouldsboro,  where  the  speci- 
mens are  more  abundant  and  have  much  more  obtuse  perigynia  than 
the  ordinary  American  forms  ;   Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley. 

816.  C.  limosa,  L.     Lehigh  Pond  ;  Atherton's  Pond.     Dudley. 

817.  C.    virescens,    Muhl.     Var.    costata,    Dew.     Arch  bald ;    near 
Tayloryille  ;  Campbell's  Ledge ;  Mocanaqua.     Dudley.     Near  Kings- 
ton.    Thurston. 

818.  C.  triceps,  Michx.     Var.  hirsuta,  B.      Campbell's  L.    "Dudley. 


74  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 


819.  C.   longirostris,  Torr.     By  road   between   Coxton    and   Falling 
Spring.     Diidley. 

819^.  C.  arctata,  Boott.     Pocono,  Monroe  Co.     Porter. 

820.  debilis,  Michx.    Yar.  Rudgei,  Bailey.    L.  Henry;  E.  of  Goulds- 
boro  ;  source  of  Little  Roaring  Brook ;  near  Archibald ;  Moosic  Moun- 
tains, the  latter  with  perigynia  larger  than  usual.     Dudley. 

821.  C.  sestivalis,  M.  A.  C.     Carbondale.     Garber.     By  lumber  road 
east  of  Gouldsboro  Sta.;  east  side  of  Ararat  Peak.     Dudley.     Usually 
regarded  as  a  very  rare  species. 

822.  C.  granularis,  Muhl.     Near  Crystal  L.  and  north;  also  grassy 
places  in  the  valleys.     Dudley. 

823.  C.  pallescens,  L.     Carbondale.     Garber.     Naomi  Pines,  1889; 
rare,  and  on  its  southern  limit.     Porter. 

824.  C.  Hitchcockiana,  Dew.     Beech  woods  west  of  Dundaff.    Dud- 
ley.    Rare  in  Penn.     Porter. 

825.  C.   laxiflora,   Lam.     In  several  varieties. 

826.  C.  digitalis,  Willd,     Campbell's  Ledge;   Beech   woods  west  of 
Dundaff.     Dudley. 

827.  C.  laxiculmis,  Schwein.     (C.  retrocurva,  Man.  5th  ed.)     Beech 
woods  west  of  Dundaff.     Dudley.. 

828.  C.  platyphylla,  Carey.     Beech  and  maple  woods  and  ravines. 
Dudley. 

829.  C.  polymorpha,  Muhl.     Pocono,  Monroe  Co.     Porter. 

830.  C.  eburnea,  Boott.     Campbell's  Ledge.     Dudley. 

831.  C.  pedunculata,  Muhl.     Wooded  banks,  Lackawanna  Valley. 
Dudley. 

832.  C.  Pennsylvanica,  Lam.     Woods,  frequent. 

833.  C.  communis,  Bailey.     (C.  varia,  Man.,  £th  ed.)     Bald    Mt.; 
near  Taylorville,  etc.,  frequent. 

834.  C.  stipata,  Muhl.     Wet  places  throughout. 

835.  C.  teretiuscula,  Gooden.     About  Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley. 

836.  C.  vulpinoidea,  Michx.     Low  grounds.     Common. 

837.  C.  rosea,   Schkuhr.     Rocky  woods,  Campbell's  Ledge  ;  Moca- 
aqua;  north  of  Fairview,  etc.     Dudley. 

C.  rosea,  Sch.   Var.  radiata,  Dew.    Near  Archbald  "pot  holes." 
Dudley. 

t.  rosea,  Sch.     Var.  retroflexa,  Torr.     Wayne  Co.     Garber. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  75 

838.  C.  sparganioides,  Muhl.    The  plateau  eastward  from  Penobscot ; 
probably  at  Campbell's  Ledge,  and  elsewhere.     Dudley. 

839.  C.  Muhlenbergii,  Schkuhr.    Campbell's  Ledge,  a  low  form  with 
small  deltoid  perigynia.     Dudley. 

840.  C.  cephalophora,  Muhl.     Near  Falling  Spring;  not  infrequent 
in  thin  woods. 

841.  C.  echinata,  Murr.     Var  cephalantha,  Bailey.     Marsh  east  of 
Gouldsboro;  Moosic  L.;  Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley. 

C.  echinata,  var.  conferta,  B.     Wayne  Co.     Garber. 

842.  C.   echinata,    var.    microstachys,   Boeck.     (C.  stellulata^  var- 
scirpoides,  Man.,  5th  ed.)     Marsh  east  of  Gouldsboro. 

843.  C.  canescens,  L.   Near  Lehigh  Pond ;  swamp  E.  of  Gouldsboro ; 
Atherton's  Pond,  Dalton.     Dudley. 

C.  canescens,  L.  Var.  alpicola,  Wahl.  Near  Lehigh  Pond ; 
east  of  Gouldsboro ;  Pocono  Summit.  Dudley.  Pocono,  Monroe  Co. 
Dr.  Traill  Green.  Wayne  Co.  Garber. 

844.  C.  trisperma,  Dewey.    In  all  the  wooded  marshes  visited  on  the 
Pocono.     A  form  with  less  beaked  perigynia  and  leaves  setaceous 
near  Lehigh  Pond  and  Gouldsboro  ;  Ararat  Marsh.     Dudley. 

845.  C.  bromoides,  Schk.     Tannersville,  Monroe  Co.     Garber. 

846.  C.  Dewey  ana,  Schwein.     Luzerne   Co.   (its  southern   limit  for 
Pennsylvania).     Porter. 

847.  C.  tribuloides,Wahl.    Var.  reducta,  Bailey.     (C.  lagopodioides, 
Schk.  form.)     E.  of  Gouldsboro  and  elsewhere.     Dudley. 

848.  C.  scoparia,  Schkuhr.     Frequent,  especially  in  low  places  on  the 
mountains. 

849.  C.  fcena,  WTilld.     (C.  adusta,  Man.,  5th  ed.,  the   C.  argyrantha, 
Tuckerm.)     Archbald  woods  near  the  "pothole;"  the  river  moun- 
tains, and  Black  Creek ;  Campbell's  Ledge.     Dudley. 

850.  C.  fcena,  Willd.    Var.  perplexa,  B.    By  railroad  beyond  Goulds- 
boro.    Dudley. 

851.  C.  straminea,  Willd.     Var.  brevior,  Dew.     Near  Mt.  Pocono. 
Dudley. 

852.  C.  alata,  Torr.     (C.  straminea,  var.  alata,  B.)     Between  Pocono 
Summit  and  Mt.  Pocono.     Dudley.     Not  known  elsewhere  in  Penn. 
Porter. 


76  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

102.  GRAMINE^. 

SPARTINA,    SCHREB. 

853.  S.  cynosuroides,  Willd.    CORD  GRASS.    Near  Kingston.   Thurs- 
ton.    A  striking  species. 

PANICUM,  L. 

854.  P.  GLABRUM,  Gaudin.     Wilkes-Barre ;  Fairview ;  Ashley  Planes ; 
frequent.     Diidley. 

855.  P.  SANGUINALE,  L.     FINGER  GRASS.     Common. 

856.  P.  proliferum,  Lam.     Near  the  Susquehanna,  frequent,     Near 
mines  southeast  of  Wilkes-Barre ;  near  the  Lackawanna,  in  sandy 
soil,  at  Duryea.     Dudley. 

857.  P.  capillare,  L.     OLD  WITCH  GRASS.     Common. 

858.  P.  agrostoides,  Muhl.     By  the  Susquehanna  southeast  of  Moca- 
naqua.     Ditdley. 

859.  P.  virgatum,  L.     Near  Coxton.     Dudley.     Frequent  along  the 
Susquehannna.      Thurston. 

860.  P.    xanthophysum,    Gray.       Scarce;   Elk    Mt.;    Moosic    Mt.; 
Bald  Mt.;  Penobscot  Knob.     Dudley.     Prof.  Porter  thinks  Luzerne 
Co.  its  southern  limit. 

86 1.  P.  latifclium,  L.     Occasional  in  the  valleys;  Penobscot  Knob, 
slope  near  Solomon's  Gap.     Var.   molle,  Vasey.     Coxton  ;  Camp- 
bell's Ledge.     Dudley. 

862.  P.  clandestinum,   L.     Tobyhanna ;    Nay  Aug ;    near    Duryea. 
Dudley.     Kingston.      Thurston. 

863.  P.  nitidum,  Michx.     (P.  sp/uzrocarpon,  Ell.)     By  road,  Coxton 
to  Falling  Spring  ;   Mocanaqua.     Dudley. 

864.  P.  depauperatum,  Muhl.     Frequent. 

865.  P.  dichotomum,  L.    The  numerous  forms  grouped  usually  under 
this  species  are  classified  in  Gray's  Manual  in  a  rude  but  convenient 
way,  all  the  types  mentioned  being  easily  distinguished.     We  find 
the  var.  viride,  Vasey  (mostly  forma  gracile  of  the  Manual,  6th  ed.), 
frequent,  Bald  Mt.,  Nay  Aug,  Campbell's  Ledge,  Penobscot  Knob, 
etc.,  in  rocky  places. 

Var.  pubescens,  Vasey,  in  the  valley  (near  Providence)  and  on 
the  mountains. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  77 

Var.  barbulatum,  Vasey,  with  numerous  reflexed  hairs  at  the 
nodes,  was  collected  along  the  D.,  L.  W.  railroad  east  of  Gouldsboro. 
Dudley. 

866.  P.  CRUS-GALLI,  L.     BARN- YARD  GRASS.     Frequent. 

SETARIA,  BEAUV. 
FOXTAIL. 

867.  .S.  GLAUCA,  Beauv.     Frequent. 

8.  S.  VIRIDIS,  Beauv.     Frequent. 

9.  S.  ITALICA,  Kunth.     Escaped  from  fields,  Kingston.      Thurston. 

CENCHRUS,    L. 
HEDGE  HOG  GRASS. 

870.  C.  tribuloides,  L.    Wyoming,  near  railroad.     Thurston.     A  low, 
sand  grass,  its  bur-like  spikelets  barbed  with  vicious  spines. 

LEERSIA,  Swz. 

871.  L.   Virginica,  Willd.      WHITE   GRASS.      Foot   of  Campbell's 
Ledge,  etc.     Dudley.     Kingston.      Thurston. 

872.  L.   oryzoides,    Swartz.     CUT-GRASS.     Frequent   near   stagnant 
water. 

ANDROPOCON,  ROYEN. 

873.  A.  furcatus,  Muhl.     Penobscot  Knob;  Campbell's  Ledge  ;  prob- 
ably not  uncommon. 

874.  A.  scoparius,  Michx.     In  dry  soil.     A  short  very  glaucous  form 
occurs  on  the  tops  of  the  higher  ledges  and  knobs.    It  should  be  said, 
also,  that  the  Manual  is  incorrect  in  saying  "the  sheaths  and  lower 
leaves  are  hairy."     They  are  often  quite  smooth. 

CHRYSOPOGON,  TRIM. 

875.  C.  nutans,  Benth.     {Sorghum   nutans,   Gray.)     WOOD-GRASS. 
Kingston.     Thurston.     Near     Fairview.     Dudley. 

PHALARIS,   L. 

876.  P.  arundinacea,  L.     REED  GRASS.    About  the  mountain  ponds; 
ponds  in  Wayne  Co.     Dudley. 

ANTHOXANTHUM,  L. 

877.  A.  ODORATUM,  L.    SWEET  VERNAL  GRASS.    Tobyhanna.   Porter. 
Wyoming  Valley,  frequent.      Thurston.     It  retains  a  delightful  odor 
when  dried. 


78  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

ARISTIDA,  L. 

878.  A.  dichotoma,  Michx.   POVERTY  GRASS.   Sandy  or  gravelly  soil; 
frequent  in  the  valleys. 

ORYZOPSIS,  MICHX. 

879.  O.  melanocarpa,  Muhl.     Mocanaqua,  above  Black  Creek  Falls. 
Graves. 

880.  O.  asperifolia,  Michx.    MOUNTAIN  RICE.    Moosic  Mt.   Dudley. 

881.  O.  Canadensis,  Torr.     Naomi  Pines,  1889  ;  also  "N.  E.  Penn." 
Porter.     Above   Black   Creek   Falls;  Bald   Mt,    1889;  Penobscot 
Knob.     Dudley.     Rare  and  near  its  southern  limit. 

MILIUM,  TOURN. 

882.  M.  effusum,  L.     Luzerne  and  Lackawanna  counties.     Porter. 

MUHLENBERGIA,  SCHREBER. 

883.  M.  sobolifera,  Trin.    Ledges,  Taylorville,  Campbell's  Ledge,  etc. 
Dudley. 

884.  M.  glomerata,  Trin.    Occurring  more  often  on  the  mountain  tops 
in  this  vicinity  instead  of  in  "bogs.':    Bald  Mt.;  Penobscot  Knob,  etc. 
Dudley. 

885.  M.  Mexicana,  Trin.     Frequent. 

886.  M.  sylvatica,  Torr.  £  Gray.    Taylorville ;  Falling  Spring.    Dud- 
ley.    Kingston.      Thurston. 

887.  M.    diffusa,   Schreb.      NIMBLE   WILL.      Kingston.      Thurston, 
Fair  view.     Dudley. 

BRACHYELYTRUM,  BEAUV. 

888.  B.  aristatum,  Beauv.     Moosic  L.     Porter.     Pocono  Sta.;  Fair- 
view  ;   Penobscot  Knob.     Dudley. 

PHLEUM,   L. 

889.  P.  PRATENSE,  L.     TIMOTHY.     Common. 

ALOPECURUS,  L. 

890.  A.  GEN'ICULATUS,  L.     Wyoming  Swamp.      Thurston. 


AGROSTIS,   L. 
91.     A.  ALBA,  L.     Tobyhanna.     Porter. 

Var.  VULGARIS,  Thurb.    (A.  vulgaris,  With.)    RED-TOP.    HERDS 
GRASS.     Common. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  79 

$92.  A.  perennans,  Tuck.     Frequent   in  thin   woods.     A   delicate 

swamp  form  in  the  mountain  marshes. 
393.    A.    scabra,  Willd.     HAIR    GRASS.      Tobyhanna;    Pocono    Sta. 

Porter.     Near  Atherton's  Pond ;  Ararat.     Dudley. 

CINNA,  L. 

894.  C.  arundinacea,  L.     Low  woods,  lower  Lackawanna  Valley. 
Dudley.     Kingston.      Thurston. 

895.  C.  pendula,  Trin.     Tobyhanna;   Moosic  L.;  not  uncommon  in 
Penn.     Porter.     Near  L.  Henry.     Dudlev. 

CALAMAGROSTIS,  ADANS. 
{Deyeuxia  of  the  "Preliminary  List,"  p.  loo.) 

896.  C.  Canadensis,  Beauv.     Frequent. 

897.  C.  Nuttalliana,  Steud.     Moosic  L.;  Tobyhanna.    Porter.    "Po- 
cono Mt.,"  in  herb,  from  Dr.  Traill  Green;  frequent  on  the  high 
plateau  beyond  Penobscot  Knob.     Dudley. 

898.  C.  Porteri,  Gray.      Near  Moosic    L.,    1886.     Dudley.      Naomi 
Pines,  1889.     Porter. 

HOLCUS,   L. 

899.  H.  LANATUS,  L.     VELVET   GRASS.      Pocono   Sta.;    Tobyhanna, 
1887.     Dudley.     Kingston,  frequent.      Thurston. 

DESCHAMPSIA,  BEAUV. 

900.  D.  flexuosa,  Trin.    Frequent  on  dry  banks  in  woods,  also  on  the 
ledges  and  mountains. 

DANTHONIA,  DC. 
WILD  OAT  GRASS. 

901.  D.  spicata,  Beauv.    Common  on  dry  banks  and  on  the  mountains. 

902.  D.  compressa,  C.  F.  A.     Moosic  L.     Porter.     Nay  Aug;  Pe- 
nobscot Knob,  etc.,  not  uncommon.     Dudley. 

ELEUSINE,  GAERTN. 
CRAB   GRASS. 

903.  E.    INDICA,    Gaertn.     Shickshinny  village.     Dudley.     Seminary 
Yard,  Kingston.      Thurston. 


80  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

TRIODIA,  R.  BR. 

904.  T.  cuprea,  Jacq.     TALL  RED  TOP.     By  road,  Coxton  to  Falling 
Spring.     Dudley. 

KCELERIA,  PERS. 

905.  K.  cristata,  Pers.    Top  of  Campbell's  Ledge;  on  the  river  moun- 
tains above  Mocanaqua,  1886.    Dudley     Prof.  Porter  writes  concern- 
ing this  species :  "It  is  credited  to  Pennsylvania  in  Gray's  Manual, 
but  these  are  the  first  specimens  I  have  seen  from  our  State." 

EATON  I  A,  RAF. 

906.  E.  Dudley!,  Vasey.     Woods  near  Archbald  "pot-hole ;"  Camp-, 
bell's  Ledge.     Dudley. 

ERAGROSTIS,  BEAUV. 

907.  E.  reptans,  Nees.     Along  the  Susquehanna. 

908.  E.  MAJOR,  Host.     Flats  near  the  Susquehanna  below  Forty  Fort. 
Dudley. 

DACTYLIS,  L. 

909.  D.  GLOMERATA,  L.     ORCHARD  GRASS.     Common.     Thurston. 

POA,  L. 

910.  P.  ANNUA,  L.     SPEAR-GRASS.     Frequent  near  dwellings  in  Wyo- 
ming Valley.     Thurston. 

911.  P.  COMPRESSA,  L.    WIRE  GRASS.     ENGLISH  BLUE  GRASS.     Dry 
places  and  mountain  tops ;  Penobscot  Knob ;  Bald  Mt.;  Campbell's 
Ledge.     Dudley. 

912.  P.  pratensis,  L.     KENTUCKY  BLUE  GRASS.     Frequent. 

913.  P.  debilis,  Torr.     First  discovered  in  Penn.  near  Naomi  Pines, 

1889.     Porter. 

GLYCERIA,  R.  BR. 

914.  G.  Canadensis,  Trin.     RATTLESNAKE  GRASS.     Near  all  ponds 
and  marshes   visited  on   the   mountains.     Dudley.     Wyoming   Sw. 
Thurston. 

915.  G.  elongata,  Trin.     Little  Roaring  Brook;  Pocono  Summit;  L. 
Henry ;  E.  of  Penobscot  Knob.     Dudley. 

916.  G.  nervata,  Trin.     FOWL  MEADOW-GRASS.     Near  Mocanaqua; 
east  of  Gouldsboro ;  L.  Henry.     Dudley. 

917.  G.  grandis,  Watson.     (G.  aquatica,  Amer.  Authors,)     Goulds- 
boro; L.  Henry.     Dudley.     Kingston.      Thurston. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  81 

FESTUCA,    L. 

918.  F.  tenella,  Willd.     Above  Mocanaqua  along  the  Red  Shales. 
Dudley. 

919.  F.  nutans,  Willd.     Near  L.  Henry;  Sugar  Loaf  Mt.,  Wayne  Co. 
Dudley.     Probably  not  uncommon  in  rich  woods. 

920.  F.  ELATIOR,  L.    MEADOW  FESCUE.    Grass  fields,  Scranton  to  Dal- 
ton,  etc.     Dudley. 

BROMUS,   L. 

921.  B.  Kalmii,  Gray.     WILD  CHESS.     A  handsome  grass  in  rocky 
woods,  Campbell's  Ledge,  Penobscot  Knob,  etc.     Dudley. 

922.  B.  SECALINUS,  L.     CHESS.     Kingston.     Thurston.     Usually  com- 
mon in  grain-fields. 

923.  B.  ciliatus,  L.     River  woods  opposite  Wilkes-Barre,  and  else- 
where.    Thurston. 

LOLIUM,  L. 

924.  L.  PERENNE,  L.     DARNEL.     Near  Forty  Fort.     Thurston. 

AGROPYRUM,  GAERTN. 

925.  A.  repens,  Beauv.    COUCH  or  QUACK  GRASS.    Kingston.    Thurs- 
ton.    Not  uncommon  on  dry  or  loamy  soil. 

926.  A.  violaceum,   Lange.     Near  Paupack  cross-roads,  east  of  L. 
Henry ;  Bald  Mt.;  Penobscot ;  specimens  from  near  Pocono  Summit 
approach  A.  caninum  in  color,  and  awns  are  slightly  longer  than 
flower.     Dudley. 

A.  caninum,  R.  &  S.     N.  E.  Penn.     Porter. 

ELYMUS,    L. 
WILD  RYE. 

927.  E.  Virginicus,   L.      Near   Kingston.      Thurston.      Apparently 
frequent. 

928.  E.  Canadensis,  L.     Campbell's  Ledge ;  Mocanaqua,  etc.    Dud- 
ley.    Kingston,  near  the  Susquehanna.      Thurston. 

929.  E.    Canadensis,   var.    glaucifolius,    Gray.      Near    Kingston. 
Thurston. 

930.  E.  striatus,  Willd.    Campbell's  Ledge  ;  lower  Lackawanna  Val- 
ley.    Dudley.     Kingston  and  along  the  Susquehanna.      Thurston. 

ASPRELLA,  L. 

931.  A.  Hystrix,  Willd,     Campbell's  Ledge;  Bald  Mt.  woods,   etc. 
Dudley. 


82  LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA. 


•   CRYPTOGAMS. 


103.  EQUISETACE^:. 

EQUISETUM,   L 

932.  E.  arvense,  L.     COMMON  HORSETAIL.    Common  in  gravelly  soil 
in  valley  bottoms. 

933.  E.  limosum,  L.    Near  Pocono  Station.    Prof.  Porter.    At  Dunn's 
Pond,  Wayne  Co.     Dtidley. 

934.  E.  hyemale,  L.     SCOURING  RUSH.    Occasional.    Tompkinsville. 
Graves.    Abundant  in  grove  by  the  river  above  Kingston.    Thurston. 

104.   FILICES. 

POLYPODIUM,  L. 

935.  P.  vulgare,  L.  POLYPODY.     Common  on  rocks. 

ADIANTUM,  L. 

936.  A.  pedatum,  L.  MAIDEN-HAIR  FERN   In  moist  woods,  common. 

PTERIS,   L. 

937.  P.  aquilina,  L,     COMMON  BRAKE.     Common. 

PELL/EA,  LINK. 

938.  P.  atropurpurea,  Link.  CLIFF-BRAKE.    Sandstone  ledges  above 
Taylorville;  Elk  Mt.;  Campbell's  Ledge,  in  herb.     Dudley. 

ASPLENIUM,   L. 

939.  A.  Trichomanes,  L.     Frequent  on  rocks. 

'940.     A.  ebeneum,  Ait.     Frequent,  on  nearly  every  cliff. 
941.   A.   montanum,   Willd.      MOUNTAIN   SPLEENWORT.      On   the 
southern  cliffs  on  Bald  Mountain  Summit ;  cliff  at  falls  of  Black  River. 
It  is  not  found  further  north  than  the  Shawangunk  Mts.  in   New 
York.     Dudley. 

This  has  been  found  in  Pennsylvania  only  on  the  Susquehanna  be- 
low Harrisburg,  on  the  Delaware  at  Easton,  and  at  Glen  Onoko,  on 
the  Lehigh.  Prof.  Porter,  1886. 


LACKAWANNA  AND   WYOMING  FLORA.  83 

942.  A.  thelypteroides,  Michx.     In  Mr.  Davis'  herb.,  who  thinks  it 
came  from  the  two  valleys. 

943.  A.  Filix-fcemina,  Bernh.    LADY  FERN.    Frequent  in  ravines,  etc. 

CAMPTOSORUS,  LINK. 

944.  C.  rhizophyllus,  Link.     WALKING  FERN.     I  have  found  this 
fern  in  every  piece  of  woods  near  Tompkinsville.     Graves.     Lynn. 
Davis.     Cliffs   above    Luzerne.      Thurston.     Ledges  above  Taylor- 
ville;  Campbell's  Ledge;  by  R.  R.  above  Mocanaqua,  on  the  con- 
glomerate, where  the  fronds  are  strongly  auricled  at  the  base,  in  herb. 
Lack.  Inst.     Dudley. 

PHEGOPTERIS,  FEE. 

945.  P.  polypodioides,  Fee.     BEECH  FERN.     Rather  common. 

946.  H.  hexagonoptera,  Fee.    Elk  Mt.;  Scott  township  road.    Dudley. 

947.  P.  Dryopteris,  Fee.     Archbald  near  the  "pot-holes."     Dudley. 
White  Oak  Glen.     Davis.     Glen  above  Luzerne.      Thurston. 

ASPIDIUM,  SWARTZ. 

948.  A.  Noveboracense,  Swz.     Moosic  and  Bald  Mountain  woods; 
Mountain  Inn  road,  and  elsewhere.     Dudley. 

949.  A.   Thelypteris,   Swz.     Scott  township  road ;  above  Nay  Aug, 
etc.     Dudley. 

950.  A.  spinulosum,  Swz.   (type  form).     Swamps  near  the  head  of 
Little  Roaring  Brook  ;  W.  of  Tobyhanna.     Dudley. 

Yar.  intermedium,  Eaton.     Frequent. 

Var.  dilatatum,  Hook.     Near  Tobyhanna.     Prof.  Porter.     On 
Ararat  Mt.;  Sugar  Loaf  Mt.,  Wayne  Co.,  abundant.     Dudley. 

951.  A.  cristatum,    Swz.     Tobyhanna.     Porter.     Atherton's  Pond; 
Pocono  Summit ;  Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley.     Swamp  north  of  Kings- 
ton.     Thurston. 

952.  A.  marginale,  Swz.     Frequent. 

953.  A.  acrostichoides,  Swz.     CHRISTMAS  FERN.     Mountain  woods 
and  ravines. 

A.  aculeatum,  Swz.  Var.  Braunii,  Koch.  In  a  rocky  glen  in 
the  S.  E.  part  of  Sullivan  Co.  which  adjoins  Luzerne  Co.,  by  J.  P.  C. 
Griffith,  1878.  This  is  the  southernmost  locality  in  America  for  this 
fern,  elevation  about  2000  feet.  It  occurs  in  the  Stony  Clove  Catskill 
Mts.  and  from  Northern  New  England  north  and  west.  Dudley. 


84  LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA. 

CYSTOPTERIS,  BERNHARDI. 

954.  C.  fragilis,  Bernh.    Elk  Mountain  ;  sandstone  above  Taylorville  ; 
probably  frequent.     Dudley. 

ONOCLEA,  L 

955.  O.  sensibilis,  L.     SENSITIVE  FERN.     Common  in  low  grounds; 
the  form  obtusilobata  is  in  Mr.  Davis'  herbarium  as  "very  rare." 
Dudley. 

956.  O.  Struthiopteris,  Hoffman.    (Struthiopteris  Germanica,  Willd. 
Above  Nay  Aug.     Dudley. 

WOODSIA,  R.  BROWN. 

957.  W.  Ilvensis,  R.  Br.     Not  rare  on  the  cliffs. 

958.  W.  obtusa,  Torr.     Elk  Mt;   Campbell's    Ledge;  Mocanaqua. 
Dudley. 

DICKSONIA,  L.  HER. 

959.  D.  pilosiuscula,  Willd.     Common  on  newly  cleared  slopes,  etc. 
[Lygodium  palmatum,  Swartz,  Climbing  Fern,  should  be  looked 

for.     It  is  said  to  occur  at  Mauch  Chunk  and  Glen  Onoko.    Dudley. .] 

OSMUNDA,  L 

960.  O.  regalis,  L.     ROYAL  FLOWERING  FERN.     Toward  head  of 
Little  Roaring  Brook  ;  near  stream  at  Gouldsboro.    Var.  interrupta, 
Milde.     At  Gouldsboro,  July,  1889,  the  upper  pinnae  partly  sterile. 
Dudley.     Near  Plainsville  church,  in  herb.     Davis. 

961.  O.   Claytoniana,   L.     Toward   the   source   of  Little    Roaring 
Brook,  etc.     Dudley.     Above  Luzerne.      Thurston. 

962.  O.  cinnamomea,  L.     CINNAMON  FERN.     Moosic  Mt.;  Duryea; 
Taylorville  marsh,  etc.     Dudley.     Near  Kingston.      Thurston. 

105.  OPHIOGLOSSACE^. 

BOTRYCHIUM,  Swz. 

963.  B.  simplex,  Hitch.    First  found  in  Penn'a  at  Naomi  Pines,  June, 
'89.     Prof.  Porter. 

964.  B.  ternatum,  var.  obliquum,  Eaton.    Near  Way  mart.    Dudley. 
Near  Mayfield,  rare.     Davis. 

965.  B.  Virginicum,  Swz.     GRAPE  FERN.     Frequent  in  woods. 
According   to  Prof.  Porter  Botrychium  lanceolatum  and  matric- 

ariafolium  occur  in  N.  E.  Penn'a,  they  have  not  been  seen  within 
limits. 


LACKAWANNA  AND  WYOMING  FLORA.  85 


106.    LYCOPODIACE^:. 

LYCOPODIUM,  L. 

CLUB-MOSS. 

966.  L.  lucidulum,  Michx.     Frequent  in  damp  woods. 

967.  L.inundatum,  L.    MoosicLake.  Porter.  By  tram  road  to  Lehigh 
Pond.    Willie  Peck.    Var.  Bigelovii,  Tuck.    Moosic  L.,  '89.    Dudley. 

968.  L.  annotinum,  L.     Pocono  Summit.     Mr.  Reeves. 

969.  L.  clavatum,  L.    CLUB-MOSS.    Near  Archbald,  in  herb.    Davis. 
Near  Waymart ;  Pocono  Summit ;  toward  Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley. 
Occasional  in  Wyoming  Valley.     Thurston. 

970.  L.  obscurum,  L.     Var.  dendroideum,  Watson.     (L.  dendroi- 
deum,  Michx.)    Near  Archbald  "pot  hole;"    Pocono  Summit;  Moun- 
tain Inn  road,  in  herb.     Diidley. 

971.  L.   complanatum,    L.     Moosic    L.    and    Tobyhanna.     Porter. 
Pocono  Summit ;  toward  Lehigh  Pond.     Dudley. 

[L.  Selago,  L.     On  the  Blue  Mts.  at  the  Delaware  Water  Gap,  a 
subalpine  or  alpine  species,  a  relic  of  the  glacial  period.     Porter. ~\ 

107.    SELAGINELLACE^E. 

SELAGINELLA,  BEAUV. 

972.  S.   rupestris,   Spring.     Bald  Mt;  Campbell's  Ledge;    rocks  on 
Little  Wilkes-Barre  Mt.;  Elk  Mountain.     Dudley. 

ISOETES,   L. 

973.  I.   Engelmanni,   Braun.     Var.   gracilis,    Engl.     QUILLWORT. 
Shores  of  the  Susquehanna,  near  Mocanaqua,  in  herb.     Dudley. 


INDEX 

To  Orders,  Genera  and  Common  Names. 


PREPARED  BY  MRS.  C.  O.  THURSTON. 


Abies 61 

Abutilon n 

;  Acalypha 54 

•  Acanthacece 47 

I  Acer 14 

i  Achillea 34 

Aconite 3 

Aconitum 3 

Acorus 69 

Actsea 3 

Adder's  Tongue 66 

I  Adiantum 82 

Adlumia 5 

^Esculus 13 

i  Agrimonia opp.  19 

Agropyrum .   .  81 

Agrostis 78 

Ailanthus 12 

Alder 12,  57 

Aletris 64 

Alfalfa 15 

Alisma 70 

Alismacece 70 

Allegheny  Vine 5 

Allium 65 

Alnus  .   . 57 

Alopecurus    78 

Am  ar  ant  ace  a 51 

Amarantus 51 

AmaryllidacetB 64 

Ambrosia 33 

Amelanchigr 21 

I  Amianthium 67 

Ampelopsis 13 

Amphicarpsea 17 

Anacardiacece 14 

.  Anaphalis 32 

Andromeda 38 

Andropogon 77 


Anemone i 

Anemonella i 

Angelica 24 

Anonacea 3 

Antennaria 32 

Anthemis 34 

Anthoxanthum 77 

Anychia 50 

Aphyllon 46 

Apios 17 

Apocynacece 40 

Apocynum 40 

Apple 4,  20 

Aquilegia   .   .   .   .' 3 

Arabis 6 

Aracece 69 

Aralia 26 

Araliaceoe 26 

Arbutus  .   . ' 37 

Arceuthobium 53 

Arctium 34 

Arenaria 9 

Arissema 69 

Aristida 78 

Aristolochiacece 53 

Arrow-head 70 

Arrow-wood 27 

Artichoke 33 

Asarum 53 

Asclepiadacete 41 

Asclepias 41 

Ash 12,  20,  40 

Asimina 3 

Asparagus 66 

Aspen 59 

Aspidium 83 

Asplenium 82 

Asprella 81 

Aster 31 


INDEX. 


Atriplex 51 

Avens 19 

Azalea 38 

Balm 49 

Balm  of  Gilead 60 

Balsam-apple 24 

Baptisia 15 

Barbarea 7 

Barberry 4 

Barionia 42 

Basil 48 

Basswood n 

Beard-tongue 45 

Bedstraw 29 

Beech 58 

Beech-drops 46 

Beggar's  Lice 42 

Beggar-ticks 33 

Bellflower 36 

Bellwort 66 

Berberidaceee 4 

Berberis 4 

Bergamot 49 

Betula 57 

Bidens     33 

Bindweed 43,  52 

Birthroot 67 

Bishop's-cap ,21 

Bitter-sweet 13 

Blackberry 18 

Bladder-Nut 14 

Bladderwort 47 

Bleeding  Heart 5 

Bloodroot 5 

Blueberry 37 

Blue  Curls 47 

Bluets 28 

Boneset 30 

Borraginacetc 42 

Botrychium 84 

Bouncing  Bet 9 

Brachyelytrum 78 

Brake 82 

Brassenia    . 4 

Brassica 7 

Bromus 81 

Brooklime 45 

Brunella 49 

Buckbean 42 


Buckwheat 53 

Bugbane     3 

Bugle-weed 48 

Bulrush 68 

Bunch-berry 27 

Bur-Marigold 33 

Bur-Reed 69 

Bush-Clover 16 

Butter  and  Eggs 44 

Buttercup 2 

Butternut 56 

Button-bush 29 

Buttonwood 55 

Cabbage ^    ...  69 

Calamagrostis 79 

Calamintha 48 

Calla 69 

Callitriche 23 

Calopogon 63 

Caltha 2 

Campanula 36 

Campanulacece 36 

Camptosorus 83 

Capparidacece 7 

Caprifoliacea 27 

Capsella 7 

Caraway 25 

Cardamine 6 

Cardinal-flower 36 

Carex 72 

Carpet-weed 24 

Carpinus 58 

Carrion-Flower 65 

Carrot      24 

Carum 25 

Carya 56 

Caryophyllacea q 

Cassandra 38 

Cassia 17 

Castanea 58 

Catchfly 9 

Catnip 49 

Cat-Tail .*....  69 

Caulophyllum  .    . 4 

Ceanothus      13 

Cedar 61 

Celandine 5 

Celastracece 13 

Celastrus 13 


INDEX. 


89 


Celtis 54 

Cenchrus    77 

Cephalanthus 29 

Cerastium 10 

Ceratophyllacea: 60 

Ceratophyllum 60 

Chserophyllum 26 

Chamaelirium 67 

Chamomile 34 

Chelidonium 5 

Chelone 45 

Chenopodiacea 51 

Chenopodium 51 

Cherry J7>44 

Chess 81 

Chestnut 58 

Chickweed    . 9,  10 

Chimaphila 39 

Chiogenes 37 

Choke-berry 20 

Choke-cherry 17 

Chrysanthemum 34 

Chrysopogon 77 

Chrysosplenium 21 

Cicely 26 

Cicuta 25 

Cimicifuga 3 

Cinna 79 

Cinque-foil 19 

Circsea 24 

Chtacete 8 

Claytoniana 10 

Clearweed 55 

Cleavers 29 

Clematis i 

Cliff-Brake 82 

Clintoniana 66 

Clover     15 

Club-moss 85 

Cnicus 35 

Cockle 9 

Cocklebur 33 

Cohosh 3,  4 

Collinsonia 48 

Columbine 3 

Comandra 54 

Compositce 29 

Cone-flower 33 

Coniferce 60 

Conium 25 


Convallaria 65 

Convolvulacece 43 

Convolvulus 43 

Coptis 2 

Corallorhiza 62 

Coral-root 62 

Cornacece 27 

Cornel 27 

Corn  Spurrey 10 

Cornus 27 

Corydalis 6 

Corylus 57 

Cow-Parsnip 25 

Cowslips 2 

Cow-Wheat 46 

Cranberry 37 

Cranesbill .....n 

Crassulacece 22 

Cratsegus 20 

Crowfoot 2 

Cruciferce 6 

Cryptotsenia  . 25 

Cucumber 24 

Cucumber-root 67 

Cucumber-tree i    .   .    3 

Cucurbitacece 24 

Cudweed 32 

Cunila 48 

Cupuliferce .57 

Currant 22 

Cut-Grass .  77 

Cynoglossum 42 

Cyperacece 71 

Cyperus 71 

Cypripedium 63 

Cystopteris 84 

Dactylis 80 

Daisy 3=,  33,  34 

Dalibavda 18 

Dandelion 35 

Dangleberry 37 

Danthonia 79 

Darnel 81 

Datura 44 

Daucus 24 

Decodon 23 

Deerberry 37 

Deerwood 57 

Delphinium 3 


90 


INDEX. 


Dentaria 6 

Deschampsia 79 

Desmodium 16 

Devil's-Bit 67 

Dewberry 18 

Dianthera 47 

Dianthus 10 

Dicentra 5 

Dicksonia 84 

Diervilla 28 

Dipsacece 29 

Dipsacus     29 

Dirca 53 

Dioscorea  65 

Dioscoreacece 65 

Dittany 48 

Dock 51,  52 

Dodder 43 

Dogwood 27 

Draba 6 

Dragon-head 50 

Drosera 22 

Droseracete 22 

Dulichium 71 

Dutchman's  Breeches 5 

Eatonia 80 

Echinocystis  .' 24 

Echinospermum .   .  42 

Elder   .    .    .    . 27 

Elecampane 32 

Eleocharis 71 

Eleusine 79 

Elm 53 

Elodes ii 

Elymus 81 

Epigaea 37 

Epilobium 23 

Epiphegus 46 

Equisetaceie 82 

Equisetum 82 

Eragrostis 80 

Erechtites 34 

EricacecE 37 

Erigeron 32 

Eriophorum 72 

Erysimum 7 

Erythronium 66 

Eupatorium 30 

Euphorbia 54 


Euphorbiacecp 54 

Everlasting 32 

Fagopyrum 53 

Fagus 58 

Fern 56,  82,  83,  84 

Fescue 81 

Festuca 81 

FicoidetE 24 

Figwort 44 

Filices 82 

Fimbristylis 71 

Fir 61 

Fireweed 23,  34 

Five-finger 19 

Flag 69 

Flax ii 

Fleabane 32 

Floerkea opp.  ii 

Flower-de-Luce 64 

Flowering-Raspberry    .    .....  18 

Fly-Honeysuckle 28 

Fly-Poison 67 

Forget-me-not 28,  43 

Foxglove 46 

Fox-Grape 13 

Foxtail 77 

Fragaria 19 

Fraxinus 40 

Fringed-Orchis 63 

Fumariacece 5 

Gale 56 

Galinsoga 34 

Galium 29 

Garlic 65 

Gaultheria 38 

Gaura 24 

Gaylussacia 37 

Gentian 41 

Gentiana 41 

Gentianacece 41 

Geraniacece n 

Geranium ii 

Gerardia 46 

Germander 48 

Geum 19 

Gillenia 18 

Gill-over-the-Ground 49 

Ginger 53 


INDEX. 


Ginseng 26 

Glyceria 80 

Gnaphalium 32 

Golden-club 69 

Goldenrod 30 

Goldthread 2 

Goodyera 62 

Gooseberry 22 

Goosefoot 51 

Graminece 72 

Grape 13 

Grass   .   .  64,  68,  76,  77,  78,  79,  80,  81 

Gratiola      45 

Greenbrier 65 

Ground-nut 26 

Habenaria 63 

Hackberry 54 

H<emodoracece     ... 64 

Haloragece 23 

Hamamelidece 22 

Hamamelis 22 

Hardback 18 

Harebell 36 

Hawkweed 35 

Hawthorn 20 

Hazel-nut 57 

Hedeoma 49 

Helenium 34 

Helianthemum 81 

Helianthus 33 

Heliopsis 33 

Hellebore 67 

Hemlock 25,61 

Hemp 40 

Hepatica i 

Heracleum 25 

Herb  Robert n 

Heteranthera 68 

Hickory 56 

Hieracium 35 

Hobble-bush 27 

Holcus 79 

Holly 12,13 

Honewort 25 

Honeysuckle 28 

Hop 54 

Horehound 48 

Hornwort 60 

Horse-Balm  ....  .48 


Horse-chestnut 13 

Horse-Gentian 28 

Horse-mint 49 

Horseradish 6 

Horsetail 82 

Horse-weed 32 

Hound's-tongue 42 

Houstonia 28 

Huckleberry 37 

Humulus 54 

Hydrangea 21 

Hydrocotyle 26 

Hydrophyllacea 42 

Hydrophyllum 42 

Hypericacea: 10 

Hypericum 10 

Hypoxis 64 

Hyssop 49 


Ilex 12 

llicinece 12 

Illecebracece 50 

Ilysanthes 45 

Impatiens 12 

Indian  Pipe 39 

Indigo 15 

Innocence 28 

Inula 32 

Ipomoea 43 

Iridacece '  .  , 64 

•is 64 

con-weed 29 

ron-wood 57 

soetes 85 

vy .  14,49 

Jamestown-weed 44 

Jersey  Tea 13 

Jewel-weed 12 

Joe-Pye  Weed 30 

Juglandacecc 56 

Juglans 56 

Juncacece 68 

Juncus     68 

J  tine-berry 21 

Juniper 6r 

Juniperus 61 

Kalmia 38 

Knawel 50 


INDEX. 


Knotweed 52 

Koeleria 80 

Krigia 35 

Labiates 47 

Labrador  Tea 39 

Lactuca 35 

Ladies'  Tresses 62 

Lady's-Slipper 63,  64 

Lamium 50 

Laportea 55 

Larch      61 

Larix 61 

Larkspur 3 

Lauracece 53 

Laurel 38,  39 

Leaf-Cup 32 

Leather-Leaf 38 

Leather  Wood 53 

Lechea    8 

Ledum 39 

Leersia 77 

Leguminoscc 15 

Lemna 70 

Lemnacece 70 

Lentibulariacece     .    . .'47 

Leonurus    50 

Lepidum 7 

Lespedeza  ...       16 

Lettuce 35 

Liliacece 65 

Lilium 67 

Lily 67 

Lily  of  the  Valley •  .  65 

Linacete ir 

Linaria 44 

Linden .    .    .  n 

Lindera 53 

Linna;a 28 

Linum n 

Liparis 62 

Liriodendron 3 

Lithospermum 43 

Lobelia 36 

Lobeliacece 36 

Locust-tree 15 

Lohum 8 1 

Lonicera 28 

Loosestrife 23 

Lophanthus 49 


Lopseed 47 

Loranthacece    .   . 53 

Lousewort 46 

Lucerne  . 15 

Ludwigia " 22 

Lungwort 43 

Lupine 15 

Lupinus 15 

Luzula 68 

Lychnis 9 

Lycium 44 

Lycopodiaccce 85 

Lycopodium 85 

Lycopus 48 

Lysimachia 40 

Lythracecz 23 

Magnolia 3 

MagnoliacecR 3 

Maianthemuin 66 

Mallow it 

Malva ii 

Malvacete n 

Mandrake 4 

Maple 14 

Marsh-Marigold 2 

Matrimony-Vine 44 

Mayweed 34 

Meadow-grass 80 

Meadow-Sweet 18 

Medeola 67 

Medicago 15 

Medick 15 

Melampyrum 46 

Melanthium 67 

Melilotus 15 

Melissa 49 

Menisperjnacea' 4 

Menispermum 4 

Mentha 48 

Menyanthes 42 

Mertensia 43 

Mexican  Tea 51 

Microstylis 62 

Milium 78 

Milkweed 41 

Mimulus 4^ 

Mint 48 

Mistletoe 53 

Mitchella 29 


INDEX. 


93 


Mitella 21 

Mitre-wort 21 

Moccasin  Flower 63 

Mockernut 56 

Moilugo 24 

Monarda 49 

Moneses 39 

Monkey-flower 45 

Monkshood 3 

Monotropa 39 

Moonseed 4 

Morning  Glory 43 

Moose  Wood 53 

Morus 55 

Motherwort 50 

Muhlenbergia 78 

Mulberry 55 

Mullein 44 

Mustard 7 

Myricacece 56 

Myrica 56 

Myosotis 43 

Naiadaceee 70 

Nasturtium 6 

Negundo 14 

Nemopanthes 13 

Nepeta 49 

Nettle 55 

Nightshade 24,  44 

Nimble  Will 78 

Nine-bark 18 

Nuphar 4 

Nymphaea 4 

Nymphczacece 4 

Nyssa 27 

Oak 14,  51,  58 

Oakesia 66 

CEnothera 23 

Oleacece 40 

Onagracece 23 

Onion 65 

Onoclea 84 

Ophioglossacece 84 

Orchidacea 62 

Orchis 62 

Orobanchacece 46 

Orontium 69 

Oryzopis 78 


Osier 27 

Osmorrhi2a   ...       26 

Osmunda 84 

Ostrya 57 

Oyster-plant opp.  35 

Oxalis 12 

Ox-eye 33 

Pasonia 3 

Paeony 3 

Panicum 76 

Pansy 9 

Papavaracece 5 

Parietaria 55 

Parsnip 25 

Partridge-berry 29 

Pastinaca 25 

Pawpaw •  .   .   .   .    3 

Pea 15 

Peanut 17 

Pear 20 

Pedicularis 46 

Pellaea 82 

Pellitory • 55 

Pennyroyal 49 

Penthorum 22 

Pentstemon 45 

Peppergrass 7 

Pepperidge 27 

Peppermint 48 

Pepper-root 6 

Phalaris 77 

Phegopteris 83 

Phleum 78 

Phlox 42 

Phryma 47 

Physalis 44 

Physocarpus 18 

Physostegia ..50 

Phytolacca 51 

Phytolaccacece 51 

Picea ^    ...  60 

Pickerel-weed 68 

Pigweed 51 

Pilea 55 

Pimpinella 25 

Pine 39,  60 

Pine-Sap    .    , 39 

Pink 10,  42 

Pinus   .  .    .  60 


94 


INDEX. 


Pinweed 8  Raphanus 7 

Pitcher-Plant 5  Raspberry 18 

Plantaginacea 50  Rattlesnake- Plan  tain 62 

Plantago 50  Red-top 78,  80 

Plantain 32,  50  Rhododendron "...  38 

Plantanacea 55  Rhodora 39 

Plantanus 55  Rhus 14 

Poa So  Rhynchospora 72 

Podophyllum 4  Ribes 22 

Pogonia 63  Rice 78 

Pokeweed 51  Robinia 15 

Polanisia 7  Rock-Cress 6 

Polevtoniacece 42  Rock-rose 8 

Polemonium 42  Rosa 20 

Polygala 14  Rosacea;     17 

Potygalacece 14  Rose 20 

Polygonacece 51  Rubiacecp 28 

Polygonatum 65  Rubus • 18 

Polygonum 52  Rudbeckia 33 

Polymnia 32  Rue i 

Polypodium 82  Rue-anemone i 

Polypody 82  Rumex 51 

Pond-Lily 4  Rush 68,  82 

Pontederia 68  Rutacece 12 

Pontederiacea 68  Rye 81 

Poplar 60 

Populus 59  Sagittaria 70 

Portulaca 10  SalicacetP 58 

Portulacacecr 10  Salix 58 

Potamogeton 70  Sambucus 27 

Potentilla 19  Sandwort 9 

Prenanthes 35  Sanguinaria 5 

Primrose 23  Sanicula 26 

Primulacea 40  Safindacece 13 

Prince's  Feather 52  Santalacece 54 

Prunus 17  Saponaria 9 

Pteris 82  Sarracenia 5 

Purslane 10  Sarraceniacece 5 

Pycnanthemum 48  Sarsaparilla 26 

Pyrola 39  Sassafras 53 

Pyrus •    ....  20  Saxifraga 21 

Saxifragacea' 21 

Quercus 58  Saxifrage 21 

Quillwort 85  Scheuchzeria 70 

Scleranthus 50 

Radish 7  Scirpus 71 

Ragweed 33  Scleria 72 

Rhamnacece 13  Scrophularia 44 

Ranunculacete i  Scrophulariaceaf 44 

Ranunculus i  Scrub-Oak 58 


INDEX. 


95 


Scutellaria     49 

SedlllU       .     .     .     .     : 22 

Sell  heal      .    .    .    . 49 

SelaKinella 85 

i  beltixincl/iicrir 85 

Senecio 34 

Senna 17 

Sensitive  IM;mt 17 

Sericocarpus 31 

Setaria 77 

Shadbush   21 

Sheep-sorrel 52 

Shepherd's  Purse 7 

Shin-leaf 39 

Sickle-pod 6 

Sicyos      24 

Silene 9 

i'ir  ulnii  t'tr 12 

Skullcap 49 

Sisymbrium 7 

Sisyiinc.hium 64 

Smartwecd 52 

SmilaciiKi 66 

Smilax 65 

Snake-root 3,  30 

Sneeze-weed 34 

Snowbcrry 37 

Boapwoit 9 

l  tin  nee  a- 44 

Solanuin      44 

Solidago 30 

Solomon's  Seal 65,  66 

Sonchus 36 

Soilel 51 

Sow-Thistle 36 

mium 69 

Sp.utina 76 

^rass 80 

Sprat-mini 48 

Specularia 36 

Speedwell 45 

Spergula 10 

Spice-bush 53 

Spikenard .     .         ....  26 

Sph.ea 18 

Spiranthes fa 

Spirodela 70 

Spleenwort 82 

Spring-Ueauty 10 

Spruce 60 


Spurge    ............  54 

Squirrel  Corn   ..........    5 

Stachys  .............  50 

Staphylea  ............  14 

Star-grass  ............  64 

Star-  (lower     ..........  40 

Starry  Campion    ........    9 

Steironema        ......   ....  40 

Stellaria  .............    9 

Sti<  kseed    ............  42 

St.  John's  Wort  .........  10 

Stone-crop     ...........  22 

Strawberry     ...........  19 

Streptopus     ..........  66 

Sunflower  ............  33 

Sumach   ............  14 

Sundew    .............  22 

Sweet  Cicely    ..........  26 

Sweetbrier     ...........  20 

Sweet  William      .........  10 

Sy<  ainore  ............  55 

Tamarack  ...........  6r 

Tanacetum    ...........  34 

Tansy  ..............  34 

Taraxacum    ...........  35 

Tare     ..............  17 

Taxus       .............  f,i 

Teabcrry    ............  38 

iliumb  ...........  52 

I      .............  29 

Tcphrosia  ............  15 

Tcucrium   ............  48 

Tlialictrum     ...........     i 

Thimbleberry   ......... 

Thistle    .............  35 

Thorn  ............  20,  21 

I'hytne  I  trace  ti-  ..........  53 

Tiarella    .............  21 

Tilia      ..............  ii 


Timothy      ............  78 

To.id-  l''lax       ...........  44 

Tobacco  ............  36 

Touch-me-not  ..........  12 

Tnipo^on  ..........  Opp.35 

Tree  of  Heaven    .........  12 

Ti  M  lio'.iema      ..........  47 

Trirntalis    .............  )" 

Tiifolium    ......... 


96 


INDEX. 


Trillium 67 

Triodia 80 

Triosteum .   .  28 

Tsuga      61 

Tulip-tree 3 

Turnip 69 

Turtle-head 45 

Twayblade 62 

Twin-flower 28 

Twisted-Stock 66 

Typha 69 

Typhacece 69 

Ulmus 54 

Umbelliferce 24 

Urtica 55 

Urticacece 54 

Utricularia 47 

Uvularia 66 

Vaccinium 37 

Velvet-Leaf n 

Veratrum 67 

Verbascum 44 

Verbena 47 

Verbenace& 47 

Vernonia 29 

Veronica 45 

Vervain 47 

Vetch 17 

Viburnum 27,  28 

Vicia 17 

Viola 8 

Violacece 8 

Violet 8, 66 

Vitacece 13 

Virginian  Creeper 13 


Virgins'  Bower i 

Vitis 13 

Wake  Robin • 67 

Walnut .56 

Waldstenia 19 

Water-Cress 7 

Water-Lily 4 

Water-pepper 52 

Water-Shield 4 

Water-Starwort 23 

Water- Willow 47 

Whiteroot 26 

White-wood 3 

Whitlow-Grass 6 

Willow 58,  59 

Willow-herb 23 

Wind-flower i 

Winter-berry 12 

Wintergseen 38,  39 

Witch-Hazel 22 

Wood-Grass 77 

Woodsia 84 

Wood-Sorrel     .    .    .    „ 12 

Wool-grass 72 

Xanthium 33 

Xanthoxylum   . 12 

Xyridacea 68 

Xyris 68 

Yam 65 

Yarrow 34 

Yew     .  • 61 


Zizia 


755883 


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